Type, timing, & turbulence of poverty-related risk: Long-term evidence from CSRP

 描述(由申请者提供)：根据NIMH和NICHD的使命，拟议的项目提出测试贫困相关风险的创新模式，并针对低收入少数民族青年的关键健康和心理健康结果进行RCT早期干预。总体而言，这一应用程序旨在促进我们对青少年在显著的生命过程转变(包括8至10年级)中内化行为和健康风险的轨迹的理解。由于情感障碍的平均发病年龄和更广泛的健康危险行为发生在青春期早期，我们计划将重点放在预测青少年的健康危险行为和内化问题上。该项目具有重要的科学和临床意义，其中包括一项旨在测试关键神经认知机制的作用的机会，这些机制可能交替导致一些青年患上这些负面健康和心理健康后遗症的风险较低，而其他青年可能面临更大的风险。在这样的框架下，拟议的研究努力确定致力于改善低收入社区青少年健康的政策和计划的杠杆。本应用程序的具体目标包括以下几个方面。首先，拟议的调查将审查芝加哥学校准备项目(CSRP)的长期影响，这是一项旨在促进低收入学龄前儿童自我调节和心理健康的学前干预随机对照试验(RCT)(#R01HD046160；n=602)。治疗在包括情绪调节(ER)和执行功能(EF)在内的特定自我调节领域中诱导的收益被假设为将年轻人置于积极的青春期发展轨迹上。该项目的第二个目标是测试青年的健康和心理健康问题的轨迹可能会受到一系列与贫困有关的风险因素的严重危害，这些风险因素根据风险类型、风险暴露的时间和动荡(即风险的波动性)来界定。分析还将测试ER和EF的那些关键神经认知机制是否中介贫困和早期干预对个人内化和健康风险的影响，以及这些影响是否受到种族/民族、性别和早期监管概况的缓和。统计方法将包括测量、建模和先进技术，这些方法有助于加强因果关系主张并了解随着时间的推移的发展情况。

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): In keeping with the missions of NIMH and NICHD, the proposed project offers to test innovative models of poverty-related risk and RCT early intervention targeting key health and mental health outcomes among low-income, ethnic minority youth. Overall, this application aims to advance our understanding of youths' trajectories of internalizing behavior and health risk across a salient life course transition (including 8th through 10th grade). Because the average age of onset for affective disorders, and the initiation of a broader array of health risk behaviors occurs in early adolescence, we plan to focus our efforts in predicting youths' health-risk behaviors and internalizing problems. Scientifically and clinically significant features of this project include an the opportunity to tet the role of key neurocognitive mechanisms that may alternately lead some youth to be at lower risk for these negative health and mental health sequelae, while other youth may face greater risk. Framed in this way, the proposed research strives to identify levers for policies and programs devoted to improving the health of adolescents in low-income communities. The specific aims of this application include the following. First, the proposed investigation will examine the long-term impact of the Chicago School Readiness Project (CSRP), a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of a preschool intervention designed to foster low-income preschoolers' self-regulation and mental health (#R01HD046160; n = 602). Treatment-induced gains in specific domains of self-regulation including emotion regulation (ER) and executive function (EF) are hypothesized to set youth on positive developmental trajectories into adolescence. The project's second aim is to test ways that youths' trajectories of health and mental health problems may be significantly jeopardized by a range of poverty-related risk factors, defined in terms of type of risk, the timing of risk exposure, and turbulence (i.e., volatility in risk). Analses will also test whether those key neurocognitive mechanisms of ER and EF mediate the impact of poverty and early intervention on individuals' internalizing and health risk, and whether these impacts are moderated by race/ethnicity, gender, and early regulatory profiles. Statistical approaches will include measurement modeling and advanced techniques that help to strengthen causal claims and to understand development over time.