Plan My Ride: A brief, immersive, skill-building impaired driving prevention program for young adult drivers

摘要 车祸是青少年和年轻人死亡的主要原因。驾驶障碍，包括 分心，吸毒，昏昏欲睡，酒后驾车，是车祸的常见原因，也是重要的公众问题。 健康和安全问题。酒后驾车在青少年中有所减少，但仍然是常见的报告和原因之一。 关心。尤其是，吸毒驾驶是一个严重和日益严重的问题，特别是在毒品供应和 大麻的使用越来越多，缺乏预防材料。昏昏欲睡的驾驶也可能是疾病造成的 由于吸毒或睡眠不足，司机往往没有意识到昏昏欲睡驾驶的严重后果， 缺乏避免这种行为的策略。从文献中，并通过综合行为模型， 我们知道，态度，如感知的危险性和对受损驾驶的结果预期， 感知的社会规范，关于个人代理的信念，以找到替代受损驾驶的方法，以及 识别和实现这些替代方案是这种行为潜在驱动因素。拟议的第二阶段项目 我将完成Plan My Ride的开发，这是一个互动的在线培训和沉浸式技能培养虚拟平台。 现实的视频体验，重点是防止受损的驾驶。我们将包括高中和大学年龄 司机，我们的目标受众，在发展过程的各个阶段，通过形成一个年轻的司机咨询 提供有关培训内容、外观和感觉的输入和反馈，以及 用于包括在虚拟现实视频体验中的场景。驾驶员教育教师等利益相关者 社区预防专业人员也将为最终产品的开发提供信息。在这 项目，我们将完成在线培训，其目标是关键的态度，感知规范，个人机构 利用教学科学和健康，文献中的信念和技能被证明会影响这种行为 行为改变原则。虚拟现实和沉浸式叙事领域的专家顾问将 提供开发虚拟现实视频体验的指导，这将为用户提供一个引人入胜的 和现实的方式来实践在网上培训中介绍的技能。微学习助推器内容将是 旨在强化计划内容，帮助用户养成安全驾驶习惯。促进有效 实施“我的骑行计划”，我们将开发组长实施资源。我们将 测试虚拟现实视频体验的可用性，并进行必要的改进。哪些谘询委员 我将提供所有建议的计划我的乘车计划组成部分的输入，我们将作出任何必要的 修订。然后，我们将充分测试计划我的乘车计划的有效性，就其对高 学校和年轻的成年司机的态度，感知的社会规范，个人机构，和技能，以避免受损 驾驶，以及该计划的持续影响，在三个月的后续评估，使用 随机对照试验设计。这个项目将导致一个测试，理论驱动，多媒体，互动， 高度沉浸式，可扩展的预防计划，教授避免受损驾驶的技能。

ABSTRACT Car crashes are the leading cause of death among adolescents and young adults. Impaired driving, including distracted, drugged, drowsy, and drunk driving, is a common cause of car crashes and an important public health and safety issue. Drunk driving has decreased among teens, but is still commonly reported and a cause for concern. Drugged driving, especially, is a critical and growing problem, particularly with the availability and growing use of marijuana, and prevention materials are lacking. Drowsy driving can result from illness as well as drug use or lack of sleep, and drivers are often unaware of the serious consequences of drowsy driving and lack strategies to avoid this behavior. From the literature, and informed by the Integrated Behavioral Model, we know that attitudes, such as the perceived dangerousness and outcome expectancies of impaired driving, perceived social norms, beliefs about personal agency to find alternatives to impaired driving, and the skills to identify and implement such alternatives are potential drivers of this behavior. The proposed Phase 2 project will complete development of Plan My Ride, an interactive online training and immersive skill-building virtual reality video experience focused on preventing impaired driving. We will include high school and college age drivers, our target audience, at all stages of the development process by forming a Young Driver Advisory Board that will provide input and feedback on the content, look, and feel of the training, as well as relatable scenarios for inclusion in the virtual reality video experience. Stakeholders such as driver education instructors and community-based prevention professionals will also inform the development of the final product. In this project, we will complete the online training, which targets the key attitudes, perceived norms, personal agency beliefs, and skills from the literature, shown to affect this behavior, using instructional science and health behavior change principles. Expert consultants in the areas of virtual reality and immersive narratives will provide guidance in developing the virtual reality video experience, which will provide users with an engaging and realistic way to practice the skills introduced in the online training. Microlearning booster content will be developed to reinforce the program content and help users develop safe driving habits. To promote effective implementation of the Plan My Ride program, we will develop group leader implementation resources. We will test the usability of the virtual reality video experience and make needed improvements. The advisory boards will provide input on all the proposed Plan My Ride program components and we will make any necessary revisions. Then, we will fully test the effectiveness of the Plan My Ride program in terms of its impact on high school and young adult drivers’ attitudes, perceived social norms, personal agency, and skills to avoid impaired driving, as well as the sustained impact of the program at a three month follow-up assessment using a randomized controlled trial design. This project will result in a tested, theory-driven, multimedia, interactive, highly immersive, scalable, prevention program that teaches skills to avoid impaired driving.