GCS-CEAS: a novel tool for exposure assessment during disaster response

BRI将开发并演示一种气相色谱选择器(GCS)，该选择器可在前端增强空腔 吸收光谱仪(CEAS)具有快速、准确、选择性强、灵敏度高(0.025 ppbv或更好，使用前)的特点 浓度)测量超出范围的挥发性有机碳氢化合物(Vohs)的广谱 当前的CEAS技术。BRI将开发并示范一种廉价、可重复使用的预浓缩 样品模块(PSM)，用于收集样品以供以后分析。因此，GCS-CEAS显著扩展了行业- 领先的CEAS空气质量监测技术能力开启了许多新的应用。 GCS-CEAS将适用于时间响应与其他应用相当或更好的移动应用 气体分析仪(1-2分钟)。极端天气事件正在增加级联技术的实例 飓风等灾害破坏基础设施，导致化学物质释放，从而导致暴露。GCS-CEAS 解决了由此产生的Vohs释放，并可以扩展到包括任何可以用气体测量的气体 层析法。因此，GCS-CEAS作为可靠、准确的传感器支持灾难响应，可以检测到 广泛的有毒气体，用于第一反应人员和社区的暴露评估。 GCS-CEAS使用CH4的CEAS的FAST(0.1-2 S时间响应)分析来指导GCS-CEAS数据 收集或PSM收集以供以后分析。GCS-CEAS可以很容易地适应其他感兴趣的VoH。 设想的移动应用程序适用于汽车、四轮驱动汽车或小型ATV。有直接的健康 应用：暴露、呼吸分析、诊断或监测呼出麻醉剂。GCS-CEAS将是 商业上可获得，只需要最少的技术专长、维护和校准。 GCS-CEAS移动实时、聚焦物种与档案全物种的融合将带来变革 源头监控。GCS-CEAS使固定式监测仪很容易遗漏或 曲解以估计曝光率。移动数据是快照数据，它消除了 输送过程和排放不稳定变得混乱的平稳数据集。 我们使用远程PSM样本采集来演示GCS-CEAS的现场应用。 卡森炼油厂，由台式系统进行全面分析。任务涉及开发和验证 优化模块，以满足目标时间响应、准确性、选择性和检测极限以及记账 氢气平衡对CEAS校准的影响。目标GCS-CEAS精度为5%。PSM目标检测下限为 在1-3分钟内对苯系物和烷烃的响应低于25ppt，类似于荧光分析仪的时间刻度， 每个分析器只能(选择性地)测量一种(不是大分子)气体，不能为其他气体重新分配任务 气体，不同于GCS-CEAS。

BRI will develop and demonstrate a Gas Chromatography Selector (GCS) that front-ends a Cavity Enhanced Absorption Spectrometer (CEAS) for the fast, accurate, selective, sensitive (0.025 ppbv, or better, using pre- concentration) measurement of a wide spectrum of volatile organic hydrocarbons (VOHs) that are beyond current CEAS technology. BRI will develop and demonstrate an inexpensive, reusable Pre-concentration Sample Module (PSM) to collect samples for later analysis. Thus GCS-CEAS significantly extends industry- leading CEAS technology capabilities for air quality monitoring opening many new applications. GCS-CEAS will be suitable for mobile applications with a time response comparable to or better than other gas analyzers (1-2 minutes). Extreme weather events are increasing instances of cascading technological disasters, e.g., hurricanes damage infrastructure, causing chemical releases, and thus, exposure. GCS-CEAS addresses the resulting VOHs released and can be expanded to include any gas that can be measured by gas chromatography. Thus, GCS-CEAS supports disaster response as a reliable, accurate sensor that detects an extensive range of toxic gases for exposure assessment for first responders and the community. The GCS-CEAS uses fast (0.1-2 s time response) analysis by the CEAS of CH4 to guide GCS-CEAS data collection or PSM collection for later analysis. GCS-CEAS can be adapted easily to other VOHs of interest. Envisioned mobile applications are for cars, a 4WD vehicles, or small ATVs. There are direct health applications: exposure, breath analysis, diagnostics, or monitoring exhaled anesthetic. GCS-CEAS will be commercially accessible, requiring minimal technical expertise, maintenance, and calibration. Fusion of mobile real-time, focused speciation by GCS-CEAS with archival full speciation will transform source monitoring. GCS-CEAS enables in-plume sample collection that stationary monitors can easily miss or misinterpret to estimate exposure. Mobile data are snapshot data that removes the large uncertainty in stationary datasets wherein transport processes and emission unsteadiness become confounded. We demonstrate field application of GCS-CEAS using remote PSM sample collection downwind of the Carson Refinery for complete analysis by the bench top system. Tasks involve developing and validating optimization modules to meet target time response, accuracy, selectivity, and detection limits and accounting for H2 balance effects on CEAS calibration. Target GCS-CEAS accuracy is 5%. PSM target detection limits are sub-25 ppt at 1-3 minute time response for BTEX and alkanes, similar to fluorescence analyzer time-scales, which only measure (selectively) one (not large molecule) gas per analyzer and cannot be re-tasked for other gases, unlike the GCS-CEAS.