ADHD and Alcohol Use: A Longitudinal Examination of Dual Processes

项目摘要 拟议中的指导研究科学家发展奖（K 01）将启动艾米·斯塔梅斯博士的计划 作为一名独立的科学家，他专注于年轻人酒精问题的病因学研究。这 这一目标将通过一项为期5年的平行研究和量身定制的培训计划来实现。培训目标包括 建立专业知识（1）酒精使用的临床知识;（2）执行功能（EF）和注意力- 缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）;（3）生态瞬时评估（EMA）;（4）高级纵向 数据分析;（5）计量学。将通过全面的培训计划实现培训目标 包括与Lynda Stein博士（酒精干预专家），丽莎Weyandt（ADHD专家）， Kristina杰克逊（EMA方法和分析专家）和Timothy Wilens（ADHD和物质专家 使用障碍）;讲习班;会议;课程;和体验活动。通过以下途径获得的技能 培训计划将通过旨在了解酒精的补充研究计划付诸行动， 年轻成人饮酒者患ADHD的风险过程。患有ADHD的年轻人有更大的风险 酒精问题（例如，危险性行为，酒后驾车）和发展酒精使用障碍（AUD）相比， 没有ADHD的人然而，目前还不清楚为什么ADHD患者的风险更大，因为研究表明， 支持他们比非ADHD同龄人喝得少或相当。拟议的项目将研究这一点 利用测量-爆破设计配对实验室和EMA检查受控（EF） 和自动（渴望）过程与酒精使用之间的那些与ADHD和没有。参与者 （按ADHD和性别分层）将是141名年轻的成年饮酒者，他们在一年内完成了三次爆发 阶段（基线、6个月和12个月）。每个时间点将包括评估EF的实验室检查 随后进行为期17天的EMA评估，评估渴望，酒精使用，酒精问题，背景和社会环境。的 建议的项目有三个具体目标：（1）研究ADHD对EF和酒精结果的影响 （渴望，酒精使用和酒精问题）在基线;（2）确定EF和 对于患有和不患有ADHD的人，一年内的酒精结果;（3）确定事件水平的预测因子（背景， 社会环境），增加了ADHD患者的渴望，酒精使用和酒精问题。Findings from the 该提案将提供R 01申请的初步数据，由Stamates博士在授予期间完成 期拟议的研究旨在解决ADHD病因学因素的知识缺口， AUD，最终目标是确定为年轻人量身定制预防和干预方法的机会 成人ADHD因此，该提案符合NIAAA的2017-2021年研究战略计划， 研究酒精和精神障碍共病的潜在机制。完成K 01将 为Stamates博士提供专业知识，以进行创新，高影响力的研究，重点是病因学 与酒精有关的问题，特别是患有多动症的年轻人，他们可能是最脆弱的。

PROJECT SUMMARY The proposed Mentored Research Scientist Development Award (K01) will launch Dr. Amy Stamates’ program of research as an independent scientist focusing on the etiology of alcohol problems among young adults. This goal will be achieved through a 5-year parallel research and tailored training plan. Training goals include building expertise in (1) clinical knowledge of alcohol use; (2) executive functioning (EF) and attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); (3) ecological momentary assessment (EMA); (4) advanced longitudinal data analyses; and (5) grantsmanship. Training goals will be met through a comprehensive training plan involving meetings with Drs. Lynda Stein (expert in alcohol interventions), Lisa Weyandt (expert in ADHD), Kristina Jackson (expert in EMA methods and analyses), and Timothy Wilens (expert in ADHD and substance use disorders); workshops; conferences; coursework; and experiential activities. Skills gained through the training plan will be put into action through a complementary research plan aimed to understand the alcohol- risk process of young adult drinkers with ADHD. Young adults with ADHD are at greater risk for experiencing alcohol problems (e.g., risky sex, driving after drinking) and developing alcohol use disorder (AUD) compared to those without ADHD. However, it is unclear why those with ADHD are at greater risk because research supports that they drink less than or equivalent to their non-ADHD peers. The proposed project will study this discrepancy by utilizing a measurement-burst design pairing laboratory and EMA to examine controlled (EF) and automatic (craving) processes in relation to alcohol use among those with and without ADHD. Participants (stratified by ADHD and gender) will be 141 young adult drinkers who complete three bursts over a one-year period (baseline, 6-months, and 12-months). Each timepoint will include a laboratory session assessing EF followed by 17 days of EMA assessing craving, alcohol use, alcohol problems, context, and social setting. The proposed project has three specific aims: (1) examine the impact of ADHD on EF and alcohol outcomes (craving, alcohol use, and alcohol problems) at baseline; (2) determine within-person changes between EF and alcohol outcomes over one year for those with and without ADHD; (3) identify event-level predictors (context, social setting) that heighten craving, alcohol use, and alcohol problems for those with ADHD. Findings from the proposal will provide preliminary data for a R01 application to be completed by Dr. Stamates during the award period. The proposed research seeks to address knowledge gaps of etiological factors underlying ADHD and AUD, with the ultimate goal to identify opportunities to tailor prevention and intervention approaches for young adults with ADHD. Thus, this proposal is in line with NIAAA’s 2017-2021 Strategic Plan for Research to investigate mechanisms underlying comorbid alcohol and psychiatric disorders. Completion of the K01 will provide Dr. Stamates with the expertise to conduct innovative, high-impact research focusing on the etiology of alcohol-related problems, particularly young adults with ADHD who may be most vulnerable.