Tobacco Use Among Minority Youth: A Longitudinal Study

描述（由申请人提供）：这是一个竞争性的延续申请。这项纵向研究的总体目标是检查非裔美国人和波多黎各成年人烟草使用和依赖的病因决定因素和后果。样本（N=500）在四个时间点接受采访：青春期早期，青春期中期，青春期晚期和成年早期。针对平均年龄为32岁的参与者及其伴侣，建议进行第五波数据收集，以完成以下任务：(1)检查人格（包括精神病理学）、家庭、同伴、生态和文化因素在影响烟草使用和依赖过程中的相互关系和相互作用（稳定性和变化）；(2)研究长期烟草使用和依赖对成人精神病理和功能的影响；(3)研究父母烟草使用和依赖对后代烟草使用前体的影响，包括后代外化、内化和父母对后代未来吸烟的期望。和过去一样，对成年人的单独面试将由训练有素的面试官私下进行。具有足够的心理测量特性的量表将从面试时间表中开发出来。主要的分析技术将是因果分析、逻辑回归分析和增长混合模型。本研究的意义在于其在几个发展阶段的深入的个人和人际数据。我们可以检查从青少年早期到成年的烟草使用和依赖途径，以及烟草使用和依赖的过程，即与被调查者在17年的时间里或多或少地参与烟草使用和依赖有关的因素。我们还可以检查与戒烟有关的因素。这些知识将有助于查明那些青少年和青壮年今后有使用和依赖烟草的危险，并将为预防和治疗提供详细和具体的指导方针。我们对非裔美国人和波多黎各人烟草使用和依赖后果的纵向研究是独一无二的，因为可以评估烟草使用和依赖的长期心理社会影响，看看它们的影响是否具有累积性。确定可能加剧烟草使用后果和对成年后社会心理功能依赖的不利影响的青少年和青年因素，将为有效预防和治疗工作提供必要的额外信息。研究结果将有助于医生、教育工作者和政策制定者提供健康的环境。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This is a competing continuation application. The overall goals of this longitudinal study are to examine the etiologic determinants and consequences of African-American and Puerto Rican adult tobacco use and dependence. The sample (N=500) was interviewed at four points in time: early adolescence, middle adolescence, late adolescence, and young adulthood. A fifth wave of data collection is proposed for the participants, who will be an average age of 32, and their partners, to accomplish the following: (1) examine interrelations and interactions of personality (including psychopathology), family, peer, ecological, and cultural factors as they affect the course of tobacco use and dependence over time (stability and change); (2) study the consequences of long-term tobacco use and dependence on adult psychopathology and functioning; and (3) examine the impact of parental tobacco use and dependence on precursors of offspring tobacco use, including offspring externalizing, internalizing, and parents' expectations of offspring's future smoking. As in the past, separate interviews with adults will be conducted in private by trained interviewers. Scales with adequate psychometric properties measuring the independent variables will be developed from the interview schedules. The primary analytic techniques will be causal analysis, logistic regression analysis, and growth mixture modeling. The significance of this study lies in its in-depth intrapersonal and interpersonal data available at several stages of development. We can examine the pathways to tobacco use and dependence from early adolescence through adulthood as well as the course of tobacco use and dependence overtime, i.e., the factors related to the respondent's becoming more or less involved in tobacco use and dependence over a span of 17 years. We can also examine the factors related to cessation of use. Such knowledge will help pinpoint those adolescents and young adults at risk for later tobacco use and dependence and will provide detailed and specific guidelines for prevention and treatment. Our longitudinal study of the consequences of tobacco use and dependence in African-Americans and Puerto Ricans is unique in that the long-term psychosocial effects of tobacco use and dependence can be evaluated to see if their impact is cumulative. Identification of adolescent and young adult factors that can exacerbate the adverse impact of the consequences of tobacco use and dependence on later adult psychosocial functioning will provide additional information necessary for effective prevention and treatment efforts. Findings will help physicians, educators, and policy makers provide healthy environments.