Development of a Novel Virtual Reality Treatment for Emerging Adults with ADHD

项目摘要/摘要 注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)是一种高度流行的损伤性疾病。行为 构建环境结构并提供频繁和持续监测的治疗方法是有效的，但 资源和时间密集，导致访问和遵守方面的问题。这项研究将利用一个虚拟的 现实平台，最大限度地减少分心，并为个人提供必要的结构和监控 在完成作业和学习的同时保持注意力集中。虚拟现实(VR)耳机将放置在 学生在没有分心的环境中自动执行频繁且一致的性能点 反馈和强化是行为治疗的核心机制。虚拟现实技术 将允许直接比较两种新的干预方法和通过VR连接到笔记本电脑 控制力。将收集调查和客观数据(键盘和鼠标点击数据)，以直接评估 虚拟现实对核心行动目标的影响，包括注意力、动力和家庭作业努力。这部小说 药物和行为疗法的替代方案提供了一种全新的工具来支持患有 多动症。这项研究包括四个独立的项目，三个处于R61阶段，以及一个大型的随机试验 R33期。项目1(N=30名患有ADHD的大学生)侧重于优化和提炼目标数据 捕获算法以量化任务行为和工作效率，同时完成各种不同的 学术任务的类型。项目2(N=30名患有ADHD的大学生)专注于发展和完善 VR内的任务监控和性能反馈算法，包括绿灯、黄灯和红灯 使ADHD患者能够收到一致且频繁的反馈，并致力于 明确的短期目标和回报。还将完成焦点小组，以提高虚拟现实的可行性和 可用性。项目3涉及一项小型随机对照试验，以确保行动的关键目标是 订婚了。项目3将单独评估虚拟现实环境的可行性/可用性和初步效果 (n=15)与VR环境+应急管理(n=15)和穿透控制(n=15)进行比较 VR耳机(n=15)。在任务上的时间，家庭作业动机和家庭作业努力是建议的 行动机制。如果在项目3中满足进行/不进行标准，则协议移动到项目4，它 包括一项VR干预的随机试验。252名患有ADHD的大学生将被随机分配到 接受：(1)单独接受VR环境，(2)VR环境+应急管理，或(3)传递 VR耳机控制8周。精神健康和学习功能的测量将在 基线、4周、8周和3个月的随访期。

Project Summary/Abstract Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly prevalent and impairing disorder. Behavioral treatments that structure the environment and provide frequent and consistent monitoring are efficacious but resource and time intensive, leading to problems with access and adherence. This study will utilize a virtual reality platform to minimize distractions and provide the structure and monitoring necessary for individuals with ADHD to maintain focus while completing homework and studying. The virtual reality (VR) headset will place students in a distraction free environment that automates the frequent and consistent point-of-performance feedback and reinforcement that serves as the core mechanisms of behavioral treatment. The VR technology will allow for direct comparison between two novel intervention approaches and a VR passthrough to laptop control. Survey and objective data (keyboard and mouse click data) will be collected to directly evaluate the impact of VR on core targets of action, including concentration, motivation, and homework effort. This novel alternative to medication and behavior therapy offers a completely new tool for supporting individuals with ADHD. This study includes four separate projects, three in the R61 phase and a large randomized trial in the R33 phase. Project 1 (N = 30 college students with ADHD) focuses on optimizing and refining objective data capture algorithms to quantify on-task behavior and work productivity while completing a variety of different types of academic tasks. Project 2 (N = 30 college students with ADHD) focuses on developing and refining on-task monitoring and performance feedback algorithms within VR, including a green, yellow, and red-light display that allows individuals with ADHD to receive consistent and frequent feedback and work towards specific short-terms goals and rewards. Focus groups will also be completed to improve VR feasibility and usability. Project 3 involves a small randomized controlled trial to ensure that the key targets of action are engaged. Project 3 will assess the feasibility/usability and preliminary effects of the VR environment alone (n=15) as compared to VR environment + contingency management (n=15) and a passthrough control wearing of the VR headset (n=15). Time on-task, homework motivation, and homework effort are the proposed mechanisms of action. If the Go/No-Go criteria are met in Project 3, the protocol moves to Project 4, which involves a randomized trial of the VR intervention. 252 college students with ADHD will be randomized to receive either: (1) VR environment alone, (2) VR environment + contingency management, or (3) pass-through VR headset control for 8 weeks. Measures of mental health and academic functioning will be collected at baseline, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and at a 3-month follow-up.