Disparities of Drug Use in Emerging Adults

描述(由申请人提供)：本提案寻求五年的资金，以审查导致非裔美国人(AA)和欧洲裔美国人(EA)新兴成年人(年龄20/21-22/23)药物使用差异的家庭和背景因素。这项建议建立在之前资助的一项研究(NIDA，DA12645-04)的基础上，该研究检查了关心父母的有效性。因此，这项研究利用了已经在8年级、9年级和10年级收集的数据。纵向数据提供了在关键的初中到高中过渡期间163名AA和168名EA青少年的多方法、多评分者的信息。与来自父母和青少年的自我报告数据相结合，编码的录像观察将为发现青少年与父母互动的微观过程提供宝贵的资产，也是关于非裔美国青少年及其父母的罕见数据来源。在社会发展模型的指导下，这项建议将我们的研究扩展到正在形成的成人期，这一时期对于理解物质使用模式和后果中基于种族的差异的起源至关重要。此外，现有的样本非常适合于探索下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺(HPA)轴调节方面的种族差异，这可能会使非裔美国人面临更高的药物滥用及其后果的风险。具体地说，我们建议考察AA和EA青少年在物质使用模式、特定家庭的暴露水平和影响以及从中学到成年初期对物质使用模式的更广泛背景影响方面的异同。第二，由于我们已经看到了干预在减少高危行为(毒品、酒精和性启蒙、暴力)和保护性行为(观察到的积极育儿方式)方面的显著效果，我们将继续检验自我管理干预和家长和青少年技能小组干预与未治疗控制条件下的长期效果的种族差异，这些因素包括药物使用和误用、犯罪行为以及青春期后期和成年初期的危险性行为。最后，我们将检查基础皮质醇和日间皮质醇测量的HPA轴失调的危险因素，以及它与当前和以后药物使用的关系。这项研究填补了药物使用模式中健康差异研究的重要空白，将有助于我们解决和消除药物使用后果中基于种族的差异的能力。这项研究填补了公共卫生研究中关于药物使用模式中健康差异的重要空白，并将有助于我们解决和消除药物使用后果中基于种族的差异。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This proposal seeks five years of funding to examine family and contextual factors contributing to drug use disparites among African American (AA) and European American (EA) emerging adults (age 20/21-22/23). This proposal builds on a previously funded study (NIDA, DA12645-04), Examining the Efficacy of Parents Who Care. Thus, this study capitalizes on data already collected in the 8th, 9th, and 10th grades. The longitudinal data provide multi-method, multi-rater information on a sample of 163 AA and 168 EA youth during the critical middle school to high school transition. In combination with self-reported data from parents and teens, coded videotaped observations will provide a valuable asset for discovering micro-processes of teen-parent interaction and are a rare data source on African American adolescents and their parents. Guided by the Social Development Model, this proposal extends our research into the emerging adulthood period, a period critical to understanding the origins of race based disparities in substance use patterns and consequences. Additionally, the existing sample is well suited to exploring race differences in regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary- adrenal (HPA) axis, which may place African Americans at higher risk for substance abuse and its consequences. Specifically we propose to examine the similarities and differences between AA and EA youth in patterns of substance use and the level of exposure to and impact of specific family and broader contextual influences on substance use patterns from middle school into emerging adulthood. Second, because we have seen signifcant effects of the intervention on reducing high risk behaviors (drug, alcohol, and sex initiation, violence) and on protective behaviors (observed positive parenting) we will continue to examine race differences in the long-term effects of the self-administered intervention and the parent and teen skills group intervention compared to a no-treatment control condition on drug use and misuse, criminal behavior, and risky sexual behavior through late adolescence and emerging adulthood. Finally, we will examine risk factors for HPA axis dysregulation measured by basal and diurnal cortisol and it's relationship to current and later drug use. This study fills important gaps in the research on health disparities in patterns of substance use, and will contribute to our ability to address and eliminate race based disparities in the consequences of drug use.This study fills important gaps in public health research on health disparities in patterns of substance use and will contribute to our ability to address and eliminate race-based disparities in the consequences of drug use.