Impact of Yoga Practice on Self-Control in Abstinent Nicotine Dependent Smokers

描述（由申请人提供）：本提案将调查急性瑜伽干预对尼古丁依赖吸烟者样本中自我控制的客观测量的潜在影响。这是第一项评估瑜伽练习对自我控制影响的研究，将为瑜伽干预治疗以自我控制为主要组成部分的疾病的潜力提供关键数据。低自制力与大量不健康行为有关，包括药物滥用、强迫饮食和赌博，以及注意力缺陷障碍。因此，具有增强自我控制潜力的干预措施可能被证明是广泛有益的。作为一种增强自我意识的练习，瑜伽是一种理想的候选干预措施，以提高个人的自我控制能力~如果研究目标得到满足，新的治疗策略将被建议进行额外的研究，可以补充或取代现有的治疗方法，并增加成功的管理和/或从疾病中恢复。因此，本提案的重点是在烟草成瘾的背景下瑜伽对自我控制的影响。通过一项三组随机对照试验设计，我们将评估瑜伽对自我控制的影响，并将其与代谢消耗相匹配的运动干预，以及在确认的12小时戒烟的尼古丁依赖吸烟者中进行的健康和健康教育计划进行比较。主要结果是自我控制，以吸烟潜伏期为代表，将通过一个实验室的戒烟强化模型来测量，在这个模型中，参与者在不吸烟的时间越长，获得的金钱奖励就越多。这种自我控制的行为范式已经成功地应用于门诊设置和实验室。次要测量包括干预前、干预后和4周随访时的自我控制、情绪、吸烟渴望和戒断症状问卷。延迟折扣表现、反应抑制、人格特征、焦虑、感知压力、正念和期望将在基线上获得，并用于确定瑜伽对自我控制效果的相关关系。该项目完全符合研究团队的技能，该团队由一名早期职业的首席研究员（也是一名认证瑜伽教练）和两名经验丰富的具有临床研究经验的联合研究员组成。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This proposal will investigate the potential effects of an acute yoga intervention on an objective measure of self-control in a sample of nicotine-dependent smokers. This is the first study evaluating the effects of yoga practice on self-control and will provide critical data about the potential of yoga-based interventions to treat disorders that have self-control as one of their main components. Low self-control has been associated to an extensive range of unhealthy behaviors including substance abuse, compulsive eating and gambling, and attention-deficit disorders. Therefore, interventions with the potential to increase self-control may prove widely beneficial. As a practice that enhances self-awareness, yoga is an ideal candidate intervention to increase individual self-control~ and if the study aims are met, new treatment strategies would be suggested for additional study, that could supplement or replace existing treatments and increase successful management and/or recovery from disease. Accordingly, this proposal focuses on the impact of yoga on self-control in the context of tobacco addiction. Through a 3-arm randomized controlled trial design we will assess the influence of yoga on self-control, and compare that to an exercise intervention matched for metabolic expenditure, and to a health and wellness education program in confirmed 12-hour abstinent nicotine-dependent smokers. The primary outcome, self- control, represented by latency to smoking, will be measured using a laboratory model of abstinence reinforcement in which participants receive a monetary reward that increases as they spend time without smoking. This behavioral paradigm of self-control has been applied successfully in outpatient settings and in the laboratory. Secondary measures include questionnaires on self-control, mood, cigarette craving, and withdrawal symptoms before the intervention, right after, and at 4-weeks follow-up. Delay discounting performance, response inhibition, personality traits, anxiety, perceived stress, mindfulness, and expectancy will be obtained at baseline and used to identify correlates of the effect of yoga on self-control. The project is perfectly tailored to the skills o the research team, which is comprised of an early career principal investigator that also is a certifie yoga instructor, and two highly experienced co-investigators with experience in clinical research.