Transitions to Adulthood and Health Risk Among U.S. Young Adults

项目摘要 健康风险，如吸烟、缺乏运动、大量饮酒、肥胖、高血压、 炎症是美国成年人过早死亡的重要决定因素。此外，这些风险 是一种社会模式。研究表明，教育程度、婚姻状况、生育模式以及 就业状况都与成人的健康行为和结果有关(Cutler&Llera-Muney，2010； Pampel等人。2010年；Umberson等人。2010年；Waite&Gallagher，2002年)。然而，我们对此知之甚少 上述健康风险是由这些社会地位的组合形成的，尽管它们是 相互依存。例如，加入劳动力大军往往是与继续教育竞争的选择，或者 个人可以将为人父母的时间推迟到婚后。这个项目的重点是如何过渡到成年， 定义为不同成年期标志的排序和组合，影响健康风险 年轻人。本研究项目的总体目标是了解差异化的发展。 美国26岁至32岁年轻人的健康风险。 该项目的具体目标是：(1)区分美国年轻人向成年期的独特过渡 通过检查成人标志的时间、顺序和分组；(2)识别健康风险 通过确定健康行为和结果的模式在美国年轻人中的概况 跨个人；(3)确定过渡概况和健康风险之间的关系，以及(4)估计 种族/民族、出生地、性别和阶级背景对过渡期健康风险的调节作用 两性关系。为了实现这些目标，该项目将使用来自国家纵向研究的数据 青少年到成人健康(增加健康)。Add Health是唯一适合该项目的，因为它：(1)是最近的， (2)是纵向的，(3)跨越到成年期的过渡，(4)提供包括生物标记物在内的健康风险的详细信息， (5)提供地理信息；(6)提供全基因组关联研究数据。这个项目 将使用最合适和最现代的量化方法来实现这些目标。结果将会是 更全面地描述美国年轻人的健康风险模式。该项目将移动 推进我们对个人、家庭和社会因素的组合如何影响健康的理解 美国年轻人的风险，在当今日益扩大的背景下是一个特别重要的话题 健康差距和不断变化的健康风险。 研究金期间包括一些活动，以支持拟议的研究和编写 应聘者从事融合生物学和社会学的跨学科研究，从事富有成效的职业 接近健康的方法。这两年将包括课程，正式和非正式的指导，具体的培训 方法和理论方法，以及对专业化、研究道德行为的支持， 和网络。

Project Summary Health risks such as smoking, physical inactivity, heavy alcohol consumption, obesity, high blood pressure, and inflammation are important determinants of premature mortality among U.S. adults. Further, these risks are socially patterned. Research has shown that educational attainment, marital status, fertility patterns, and employment status are all associated with adult health behaviors and outcomes (Cutler & Lleras-Muney 2010; Pampel et al. 2010; Umberson et al. 2010; Waite & Gallagher 2002). Yet, we know relatively little about how the aforementioned health risks are patterned by combinations of these social statuses, even though they are interdependent. For example, entering the workforce is often a competing alternative to further education, or individuals may delay parenthood until after marriage. This project focuses on how the transition to adulthood, defined as the sequencing and combination of different markers of adulthood, influences the health risks of young adults. The overall objective of this research project is to understand the development of differential health risks of young adults aged 26 to 32 in the United States. The specific aims of the project are to: (1) distinguish unique transition to adulthood profiles of U.S. young adults through examination of the timing, sequence, and grouping of adulthood markers; (2) identify health risk profiles among U.S. young adults through determining how health behaviors and outcomes are patterned across individuals; (3) identify relationships between transition profiles and health risk, and (4) estimate the moderating effects of race/ethnicity, nativity, sex, and class background on the transition-health risk relationships. To accomplish these aims, the project will use data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health). Add Health is uniquely suited for this project because it: (1) is recent, (2) is longitudinal, (3) spans the transition to adulthood, (4) offers detail on health risks including biomarkers, (5) provides geographic information, and (6) offers genome-wide association study (GWAS) data. This project will use the most appropriate and contemporary quantitative methods to accomplish the aims. The results will provide a more comprehensive description of health risk patterns of U.S. young adults. The project will move forward our understanding of how combinations of individual, family, and social factors influence the health risks of young adults in the United States, an especially important topic in the context of today's widening health disparities and changing health risks. The fellowship period includes a number of activities to support the proposed research and prepare the applicant for a productive career conducting interdisciplinary research that integrates biological and social approaches to health. The two years will include coursework, formal and informal mentoring, training in specific methodological and theoretical approaches, and support in professionalization, the ethical conduct of research, and networking.