Teen Mothers' Adverse Childhood Experiences, Substance Abuse and Child Development

项目摘要 尽管在过去20年中，少女怀孕率大幅下降，但仍是世界上最高的。 与其他西方国家相比。一个十几岁的母亲所生的孩子已经在 几十年来，文学和公众观念一直是发展不利因素的永久来源， 孩子尽管大量的文献将未成年母亲的孩子与年长母亲的孩子进行了比较， 母亲，较少人知道的是导致青少年儿童发育结果变化的因素 妈妈们因此，相关的知识基础在为健康的预防规划提供信息方面是有限的。 青少年母亲的孩子的发展。利用对青少年母亲的独特纵向研究， 他们的孩子，拟议的研究旨在弥补这些差距，明确重点和深入 调查母亲的物质使用史和暴露于不良童年经历（ACE）， 两个关键因素促进了青少年母亲的孩子的群体内变异。具体而言，首先，我们将 调查青少年母亲在产前使用药物的时间和纵向轨迹是否 影响孩子的发展结果。第二，我们将检查是否有母体ACE， 儿童出生前的代际风险因素影响儿童的发育，并与更多的 近侧母体危险因素，母体物质使用。拟议的研究将利用现有的 青年妇女和儿童发展研究（YCDS）小组。队列1（C1，n = 240）跨度17 母亲和孩子的生命历程。在队列1数据收集的最后一波中， 母亲平均年龄为33.8岁。队列2（C2，n = 255）包括14年的 母亲和孩子的生命历程。在队列2数据收集的最后一波中，儿童年龄为13.5岁， 母亲的平均年龄为30.3岁。这个丰富的数据集拥有实现 拟议的研究，包括（a）对儿童从婴儿期到 两个队列的青春期使用经过验证的涵盖儿童执行功能的评估包， 语言发展、外化行为和其他发展措施;（B）每年或每半年 C1和13.5年中从怀孕到产后17年的母亲物质使用评估 产后C2;和（c）评估母体ACE。数据集的全面性，有14至 17波年度评估，提供了一个新的机会，使用纵向建模策略，以确定 孕妇使用母体药物的发育时间和动态变化， 儿童发育结果，然后将其与母亲ACE暴露联系起来。拟定研究 将通过采用交叉验证策略和综合方法， 数据与队列效应检验相结合的策略。

PROJECT SUMMARY Despite substantially declining during the past 2 decades, teenage pregnancy rates remain the highest in the United States compared to other Western countries. Being born to a teenage mother has been noted in the literature and public perceptions for many decades as a permanent source of developmental disadvantages for children. Although a strong body of literature has compared children of teen mothers to children of older mothers, less known are factors contributing to variations in developmental outcomes among children of teen mothers. As such, the relevant knowledge base is limited in informing prevention programming for healthy development among children of teen mothers. Capitalizing on unique longitudinal studies of teen mothers and their children, the proposed study aims to remedy these gaps with an explicit focus on and in-depth investigation of maternal history of substance use and exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) as two key factors promoting within-group variability in children of teen mothers. Specifically, first, we will investigate whether the timing and longitudinal trajectories of teen mothers’ substance use beyond the prenatal period affect child developmental outcomes. Second, we will examine whether maternal ACEs, which are intergenerational risk factors preceding the child’s birth, influence child development and intersect with a more proximal maternal risk factor, maternal substance use. The proposed study will leverage access to existing two-cohort Young Women and Child Development Study (YCDS) panels. Cohort 1 (C1, n = 240) spans 17 years of both the mothers’ and child’s life course. At the last wave of cohort 1data collection, children were 17 years old and mothers were 33.8 years old on average. Cohort 2 (C2, n = 255) encompasses 14 years of both mothers’ and child’s life course. At the last wave of cohort 2 data collection, children were 13.5 years old and mothers were 30.3 years old on average. This rich dataset has all the key elements to achieve the aims of the proposed study, including (a) prospective and repeated assessment of child development from infancy through adolescence in both cohorts using validated assessment packages spanning child executive functioning, language development, externalizing behaviors, and other developmental measures; (b) annual or semiannual assessments of maternal substance use from pregnancy to 17 years postpartum in C1 and 13.5 years postpartum in C2; and (c) assessment of maternal ACEs. The comprehensiveness of the datasets, with 14 to 17 waves of annual assessment, offers a novel opportunity to use longitudinal modeling strategies to identify the developmental timing and dynamic changes in maternal substance use among pregnant women, link them to child developmental outcomes, and then link those back to maternal ACEs exposure. The proposed study will maximize the use of data from both cohorts by adopting a cross-validation strategy and an integrated strategy of combining data with tests of cohort effect.