Odor-induced neuromodulation of visual valence switch in Drosophila melanogaster

项目摘要 感觉-运动加工必须适应不同的环境条件和内部生理 快速分配正、中性或负价值的动物状态。价值一直是 显示了通过神经调节剂的作用所介导的依赖学习的可塑性来改变。然而， 关于神经调节剂是否或如何调节硬连接的价态的快速变化，我们知之甚少。 感官通路。在这个提议中，我将重点放在模型系统中的一种特定的行为价态开关上 黑腹果蝇。我首先证明，在苍蝇身上，一个小的视觉物体的价态从 在有令人胃口的食物气味的情况下，几秒钟内就会从阴性转为阳性。为了揭开神经 这种气味诱导的视觉价态转换的机制，我提出了以下目的：1)识别 生物胺参与气味诱导的具有功能增益和功能丧失的视觉价态转换 利用光遗传学和已知胺能通路的遗传沉默进行的实验。2)识别视觉神经元 用光遗传学、免疫组织化学方法研究生物胺对其感受野特性的影响 和活体钙成像。3)确定胺能神经元和视觉神经元之间的连接性 使用一系列的行为、解剖学和生理学技术。了解价态转换在 分子和细胞-电路水平的组织对于发展对 大脑功能。由于在这一领域几乎没有富有成效的研究模型，结果可能会提供更好的 理解与脑部疾病和损伤相关的生物胺的作用，推广到脊椎动物 动物。

Project Abstract Sensory-motor processing must accommodate varying environmental conditions and the internal physiological state of an animal to quickly assign positive, neutral, or negative valence values. Valence values have been shown to change through learning-dependent plasticity mediated by the action of neuromodulators. However, little is known about whether or how neuromodulators mediate rapid changes in the valence of hard-wired sensory pathways. In this proposal, I focus on a particular behavioral valence switch in the model system Drosophila melanogaster. I first establish that in flying flies, the valence of a small visual object switches from negative to positive within seconds in the presence of an appetitive food odor. To uncover the neural mechanisms underlying this odor-induced visual valence switch, I propose the following aims: 1) Identify the biogenic amines involved in odor-induced visual valence switch with gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments using optogenetics and genetic silencing of known aminergic pathways. 2) Identify visual neurons whose receptive field properties are modified by biogenic amines using optogenetics, immunohistochemistry and in vivo calcium imaging. 3) Determine the connectivity between aminergic neurons and visual neurons using a series of behavioral, anatomical and physiological techniques. Understanding valence switching at the molecular and cell-circuit levels of organization is crucial to developing a comprehensive understanding of brain function. Since there are few productive research models in this area, the results will likely provide better understanding of the role of biogenic amines relevant to brain illness and injury that generalizes to vertebrate animals.