Functional role of the neocortico-rubro-olivo-cerebellar circuit on neocortex-induced cerebellar motor learning

项目摘要 小脑执行运动控制和各种认知功能的信息处理， 与大脑新皮层的合作。这种协调的解剖学基础之一是投射 从新皮质经小细胞红核（RNp）和下橄榄核（IO）到达小脑。 因为这个回路包含一个橄榄-小脑投射，这是教学信号传递到 小脑，已经假设新皮质-红核-橄榄-小脑回路的新皮质信号 驱动小脑学习，引导小脑-新皮层协调。然而，它仍然是一个长期的- 由于缺乏实质性的实验，理论假设站不住脚。为了检验 第一次，我将检验（1）由电刺激引起的新皮层信号是否可以是一种教学 信号诱导小脑运动学习，以及（2）学习是否由新皮质红细胞介导。 橄榄-小脑回路这将通过一种新的方法来实现，该方法使用眨眼条件反射， 新皮质US信号，因为眨眼条件反射范式可以检测小脑成分作为一个 预期眨眼条件反应此外，我们将测试小脑的依赖性， 前间位核实验结果将揭示新皮质红细胞的功能作用， 橄榄-小脑回路在运动学习中的作用，并将使我们深入了解其在认知能力中的作用，因为 该回路起源于包括高级认知关联区域在内的广泛的新皮层。了解 小脑-新皮层协调的新机制将提供对 病理生理学，并导致新的治疗和康复方法。

PROJECT SUMMARY The cerebellum performs information processing for motor control and various cognitive functions in cooperation with the cerebral neocortex. One of the anatomical bases for this coordination is the projection from the neocortex to the cerebellum via the parvocellular red nucleus (RNp) and the inferior olive (IO). Because this circuit contains an olivo-cerebellar projection, which is the pathway for the teaching signal to the cerebellum, it has been hypothesized that the neocortical signal of the neocortico-rubro-olivo-cerebellar circuit drives the cerebellar learning to lead the cerebello-neocortical coordination. However, it remains a long- standing theroretical hypothesis due to the lack of substantive experiments. In order to test the hypothesis for the first time, I will examine (1) whether a neocortical signal evoked by electrical stimulation can be a teaching signal to induce cerebellar motor learning, and (2) whether the learning is mediated by the neocortico-rubro- olivo-cerebellar circuit. This will be accomplished by a new approach using the eyeblink conditioning with neocortical US signal, because the eyeblink conditioning paradigm can detect the cerebellar component as an anticipatory eyeblink conditioned response. Also, we will test the cerebellum dependence by inactivating anterior interpositus nucleus. The results of experiments will reveal the functional role of the neocortico-rubro- olivo-cerebellar circuit in motor learning and will give us insights into its role in cognitive ability, because the circuit originates in a wide range of the neocortex including higher cognitive association areas. To understand a new mechanism for cerebello-neocortical coordination will provide a deeper understanding of the pathophysiology due to its impairments and lead new treatment and rehabilitation methods.