Reprogrammed cell therapy for white matter restoration in aged brain ischemia

摘要 缺血导致少突胶质细胞及其祖细胞（OPCs）大量丢失， 只有负责CNS中髓鞘形成的细胞，导致轴突损伤和脱髓鞘， 神经信号传导失败、感觉运动功能障碍和认知障碍。因此，在本发明中， OPC替代治疗是WM恢复和脑修复的关键先决条件， 特别是对于患有更严重的脊髓损伤和少突胶质细胞减少的老年受试者 与年轻受试者相比的增殖能力。我们成功地重新编程了 通过三种蛋白的强制过度表达， 缺血性脑组织中的转录因子。重新编程的OPCs可以增殖/分化 转化为成熟的少突胶质细胞，重新髓鞘化轴突，并改善脑后的神经功能 缺血我们进一步发现iOPC增加神经元存活和轴突生长。 有待检验的中心假设是，体内重编程的少突胶质细胞 通过增强包括轴突在内白色物质重塑改善神经功能 髓鞘再生和轴突生长。提出了以下三个目标：1） 表征iOPC的成熟度及其在改善术后神经功能中的作用。 两种性别老年小鼠的脑缺血。2)调查iOPC是否恢复WM 通过增强轴突髓鞘再生和刺激轴突生长， 缺血3)目的3：测试重组SOA的局部脑灌注是否可以重编程 反应性星形胶质细胞转化为少突胶质细胞，恢复WM，并改善神经功能后， 脑缺血我们的长期目标是开发新颖独特的长期战略， 白色物质和神经功能恢复。

Abstract Ischemia causes a massive loss of both oligodendrocytes and its progenitor cells (OPCs), the only cells responsible for myelination in the CNS, leading to axonal damage and demyelination, failure of nerve signal conduction, sensorimotor dysfunction, and cognitive impairments. Thus, OPC replacement therapy is a critical prerequisite for WM restoration and brain repair, especially for aged subjects who have more severe WMI and poor oligodendrocyte proliferative capacity compared to young subjects. We have successfully reprogrammed reactive astrocytes surrounding the infarct core into OPCs by forced overexpression of three transcription factors in the ischemic brain. Reprogrammed OPCs can proliferate/differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes, remyelinate axons, and improve neurological function after brain ischemia. We further discovered that iOPCs increase neuronal survival and axonal outgrowth. The central hypothesis to be tested is that in vivo reprogrammed oligodendrocytes improve neurological function by enhancing white matter remodeling, including axonal remyelination and axonal outgrowth. The following three Aims are proposed: 1) Characterize the maturity of iOPCs and their role in improving neurological function after brain ischemia in aged mice in both genders. 2) Investigate whether iOPCs restore WM by enhancing axonal remyelination and stimulating axonal outgrowth after brain ischemia. 3) Aim 3: Test whether local brain infusions of recombinant SOA can reprogram reactive astrocytes into oligodendrocytes, restore WM, and improve neurological function after brain ischemia. Our long-term goal is to develop novel and unique strategies for long term recovery of white matter and neurological function.