Sustainable Control of Aedes aegypti and epidemic dengue

描述（由申请人提供）：流行性登革热和登革出血热是美洲主要的公共卫生问题。目前针对原发性登革热病毒（DENV）蚊子媒介埃及伊蚊的控制措施包括减少来源以控制幼蚊和空间喷洒以控制成蚊。事实证明，这不足以或可持续地遏制登革热的蔓延。需要新的方法来控制Ae。埃及伊蚊和预防登革热感染。埃及伊蚊主要在室内进食，几乎完全以人类为食。Casa Segura（“安全屋”）采用溴氰菊酯处理窗帘的形式，利用长效杀虫剂处理材料来防止伊蚊。来自家庭的埃及伊蚊：该媒介与人类之间最重要的流行病学接触点。塞古拉之家防止受感染的病媒进入家庭并将登革热病毒传播给人类，或防止未受感染的病媒在家中以感染登革热病毒的人为食时被感染，从而在蚊子-人类周期的两个点上中断病毒传播。塞古拉之家提供了可持续预防，甚至可能在当地消灭登革热的令人兴奋的承诺。“塞古拉之家”减少登革热的有效性取决于拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的使用有效性。对拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的击倒抗性（kdr）已经出现。热带世界的埃及伊蚊，但对这可能在多大程度上对病媒控制产生不利影响知之甚少。在这个ICIDR项目中，我们将：1)在一个大都市环境（墨西哥梅里达）证明Casa Segura减少了denv感染的Ae的室内丰度。2)揭示kdr对昆虫学和流行病学研究结果的潜在操作影响；3)确定Casa Segura是否促进了kdr在伊蚊中的进化。蚊。ICIDR联盟将包括科罗拉多州立大学、新莱昂自治大学和尤卡坦自治大学。我们的首要目标是：1)开发一种广泛适用、廉价和可持续的方法，使发展中国家的家庭与发达国家的家庭一样安全，不受媒介传播的病原体的传播；2)向我们的联盟和登革热流行地区的其他机构转让工具和技术。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Epidemic dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever are major public health problems in the Americas. Current control measures used against the primary dengue virus (DENV) mosquito vector, Aedes aegypti, include source reduction to control juveniles and space spraying to control adults. This has not proven to be sufficient or sustainable to stem the tide of dengue. New approaches are needed to control Ae. aegypti and prevent dengue infections. Aedes aegypti feeds predominantly indoors and almost exclusively on humans. The Casa Segura ("safe house") exploits long-lasting insecticide-treated materials in the form of deltamethrin-treated curtains to preclude Ae. aegypti from the home: the epidemiologically most significant point of contact between this vector and humans. The Casa Segura prevents infected vectors from entering homes and transmitting DENV to humans or uninfected vectors from becoming infected when feeding on DENV-infected humans in the home, thereby interrupting virus transmission at two points in the mosquito-human cycle. Casa Segura offers the exciting promise of sustainable prevention and perhaps even local elimination of dengue. The effectiveness of the Casa Segura to reduce dengue is predicated upon operational effectiveness of pyrethroid insecticides. Knock-down resistance (kdr) to pyrethroids has emerged in Ae. aegypti in the tropical world, but little is known about the extent to which this may adversely affect operational vector control. In this ICIDR program, we will: 1) demonstrate in a metropolitan setting (Merida, Mexico) that the Casa Segura reduces indoor abundance of DENV-infected Ae. aegypti females and dengue infections among the residents, 2) reveal the potential operational effects of kdr on the entomological and epidemiological study outcomes, and 3) determine if the Casa Segura promotes evolution of kdr in Ae. aegypti. The ICIDR consortium will include Colorado State University, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, and Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan. Our overarching goals are to: 1) develop a broadly applicable, inexpensive and sustainable approach to make homes in the developing world as safe as those in the developed world from transmission of vector-borne pathogens, and 2) to transfer tools and technologies to our consortium and other institutions in dengue-endemic areas. RELEVANCE : The emergence of epidemic dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever in the Americas is a public health catastrophe. There is no vaccine for dengue; thus more effective vector control is critical. The Casa Segura potentially provides a long term inexpensive approach to preventing dengue virus transmission in the home. The approach may also be applicable to other globally important vector borne diseases, such as malaria, filariasis, and Chagas, which are also transmitted principally in the home.