Multisensory Integration in Collision Judgments with Central Vision Loss

项目摘要 虽然完全丧失视力的人可以依靠听力来弥补， 关于这种感觉替代是否被有残余视力的人使用，他们代表了一个更大的 视力受损的人群。很少有研究测量碰撞的判断，这是必不可少的， 安全移动性，或分配给视觉和听觉信息的不同来源的相对权重， 对训练和康复很重要。我们将通过衡量以下方面的相对贡献来解决这些差距： 视觉和听觉信息用于视觉受损的个人作出判断的碰撞 环境中的障碍。研究结果将推动一种更加个性化的康复方法， 辅助技术的发展，并将推进碰撞感知理论。 我们将测量180人使用视觉和听觉信息判断碰撞的能力， 将中心视力丧失的患者与年龄匹配以及视力正常的年轻人进行比较。我们 将创造新颖和引人注目的视觉和声学计算机模拟接近3D车辆， 比较同时呈现听觉和视觉信息时的判断与各自呈现时的判断 是单独呈现的。通过测量碰撞何时发生的判断，以及穿越 在交通繁忙的街道上，拟议的研究将是第一个衡量听觉信息被 当剩余视觉可用时，在碰撞判断期间使用，以及为不同的 视觉和听觉信息的来源。 基于我们在碰撞感知，视觉障碍，心理声学，统计学， 和3D模拟，我们将实现三个目标：1）确定是否有部分视力丧失的个人 在作出碰撞判断时，依靠他们的听力进行补偿，2）确定个人是否与 部分视觉损失实现更好的碰撞判断时，他们有听觉信息，除了他们的 剩余视力，与单独的剩余视力相比，以及3）测量具有部分视力的个体的体重 视力丧失归因于可靠准确的信息（例如，τ的不变量）与不太可靠的遗传学（例如， 相对大小的深度线索），并将权重与具有正常视力的个体进行比较。 我们的初步研究表明，部分视力丧失的人在碰撞过程中使用了他们的剩余视力 判断，把更多的重量放在视觉线索比听觉线索，并把更多的重量放在不可靠的 启发式线索在过街判断中，他们的安全裕度也更小，碰撞也更多。通过 研究视障人士在导航任务中的多感官过程，我们将帮助 履行国家眼科研究所减轻眼疾负担的使命。结果将有助于解决 公共卫生必须帮助400多万中年视力障碍者， 盲人实现移动性和独立性，并将推进碰撞感知理论。

PROJECT SUMMARY Although individuals with complete vision loss can compensate by relying on audition, much less is known about whether such sensory substitution is used by individuals with residual vision, who represent a much larger portion of the visually impaired population. Few studies measured judgments of collision, which are essential for safe mobility, or the relative weights assigned to different sources of visual and auditory information, which is important for training and rehabilitation. We will address these gaps by measuring the relative contribution of visual and auditory information used by visually impaired individuals to make judgments of collision with obstacles in the environment. Results will advance a more individualized approach to rehabilitation and the development of assistive technologies, and will advance theories of collision perception. We will measure the abilities of 180 people to use visual and auditory information in judgments of collision, comparing those with central vision loss to age-matched as well as younger individuals with normal vision. We will create novel and compelling visual and acoustic computer simulations of approaching 3D vehicles, and compare judgments when auditory and visual information are presented concurrently to judgments when each is presented alone. By measuring judgments of when a collision would occur, and whether it is safe to cross a street in traffic, the proposed research will be the first to measure the degree to which auditory information is used during collision judgments when residual vision is available, and how much weight is assigned to different sources of visual and auditory information. Building on our collective expertise in collision perception, visual impairments, psychoacoustics, statistics, and 3D simulations, we will achieve three aims: 1) determine whether individuals who have partial vision loss compensate by relying on their hearing while making collision judgments, 2) determine whether individuals with partial vision loss achieve better collision judgments when they have auditory information in addition to their residual vision, compared to residual vision alone, and 3) measure how much weight individuals with partial vision loss assign to reliably accurate information (e.g., invariant of tau) compared to less reliable heuristics (e.g., depth cue of relative size) during collision judgments, and compare the weights to individuals with normal vision. Our pilot study showed that individuals with partial vision loss used their residual vision during collision judgments, placed more weight on visual cues than auditory cues, and placed more weight on less reliable heuristic cues. They also had smaller safety margins and more collisions during street-crossing judgments. By investigating multisensory processes in tasks essential for navigation by the visually impaired, we will help to fulfill the mission of the National Eye Institute to reduce the burden of eye disease. Results will help address the public health imperative to assist the more than 4 million middle-aged individuals with visual impairment or blindness to achieve mobility and independence, and will advance theories of collision perception.