Measuring the impact of structural racism and discrimination during adolescence on substance use, psychological distress

项目摘要 我们的首要目标是研究青少年SRD经历对青少年的独特和互动影响， 与刑事法律的系统的相互作用，精神健康物质的使用，以及成年后的治疗寻求。 我们还将评估可能被利用的假设社区复原力因素的缓冲作用 来对抗SRD的影响我们将扩展背景研究，一个大型（n=6982），七波面板研究 公立学校的孩子在三个种族多样化（37%黑人; 50%白色），主要是农村县， 北卡罗来纳州。在2002年收集的第一波数据中，所有在美国公立学校就读的六年级、七年级和八年级学生都被调查了。 有三个县符合条件;最后一波发生在参与者在10 - 12年级时。上下文 包括关于同行网络的广泛小组数据和参与者的综合住宅地理编码。 今天，参与者都是30岁出头。我们建议多收集一波调查数据， 用行政记录扩充现有数据。有了成人结果的数据，我们将处于独特的地位， 了解和打击SRD及其对青少年发展轨迹的负面影响， 成年我们将利用各种数据源来构建创新的、多维的衡量标准 SRD，捕捉青少年SRD暴露在学校，同龄人网络和社区。为了实现这一点， 措施将从青少年同伴网络特征，学生的学校记录，公共犯罪， 记录，人口普查，县税收价值财产评估，谷歌地图，美国社区调查， 以及青少年和成人调查。我们的具体目标是：目标1。测量SRD暴露对 青少年的心理健康轨迹，物质使用，以及暂停或驱逐。SRD风险包括： 种族隔离的同龄人网络和社区，种族不成比例的纪律处分， 邻里劣势，种族偏见的住房价值和掠夺性的不成比例的渗透 贷款人。我们假设青春期累积和滞后的SRD暴露导致更差的 黑人而不是白色青少年的结果，黑人个体经历更高水平的SRD 会比接触较少的黑人有更糟糕的结果。目标二。（一）衡量 青少年暴露于SRD解释了心理健康和寻求治疗，物质使用和刑事法律的 B）使用中介分析来确定SRD暴露的程度 在成年期的SRD解释了青少年SRD对成年期结果的影响。我们假设 是青少年SRD暴露的独特影响，这些影响不能完全用SRD暴露来解释。 成年目标3。确定青少年SRD暴露对成人结局的影响程度 受社区复原力因素（可操作为住宅稳定性、志愿服务 组织、动员和集体效能）。我们假设SRD暴露的影响将是 部分由青春期或成年期的高社区复原力所缓冲。

Project Summary Our overarching goal is to study the unique and interactive effects of adolescent experiences with SRD on interactions with the criminal legal system, mental health substance use, and treatment-seeking in adulthood. We will also assess the buffering effects of hypothesized community resilience factors that may be leveraged to combat the effects of SRD. We will extend The Contexts Study, a large (n=6982), seven-wave panel study of public-school children in three racially diverse (37% Black; 50% White), predominantly rural counties in North Carolina. At wave one, collected in 2002, all 6th, 7th, and 8th graders attending a public school in the three counties were eligible; the final wave occurred when participants were in 10th-12th grade. Context includes extensive panel data on peer networks and comprehensive residential geocodes for participants. Today, participants are in their early 30s. We propose to collect one additional wave of survey data and augment existing data with administrative records. With data on adult outcomes, we will be uniquely positioned to understand and combat SRD and its negative effects on developmental trajectories from adolescence to adulthood. We will draw from a variety of data sources to construct innovative, multi-dimensional measures of SRD, capturing adolescent SRD exposure within schools, peer networks, and neighborhoods. To achieve this, measures will draw from adolescent peer network characteristics, students’ school records, public criminal records, the Census, county tax-value property assessments, Google Maps, the American Community Survey, and adolescent and adult surveys. Our specific aims are: Aim 1. Measure effects of SRD exposure on adolescent trajectories of mental health, substance use, and suspension or expulsion. SRD exposures include: racially segregated peer networks and neighborhoods, racially disproportionate disciplinary actions, neighborhood disadvantage, racially biased housing values and disproportionate penetration by predatory lenders. We hypothesize that cumulative and lagged SRD exposure during adolescence results in worse outcomes for Black but not White adolescents, and that Black individuals experiencing greater levels of SRD will have worse outcomes than Black individuals with fewer exposures. Aim 2. a) Measure the degree to which adolescent exposure to SRD explains mental health and treatment-seeking, substance use, and criminal legal system involvement in adulthood; b) Use mediation analysis to determine the extent to which SRD exposure during adulthood accounts for the effects of adolescent SRD on adult outcomes. We hypothesize that there will be unique effects of adolescent SRD exposure that are not fully explained by SRD exposure during emerging adulthood. Aim 3. Determine the extent to which the effects of adolescent SRD exposure on adult outcomes are moderated by community resilience factors (operationalized as residential stability, voluntary service organizations, mobilization, and collective efficacy). We hypothesize that effects of SRD exposure will be partially buffered by high community resilience during adolescence or adulthood.