CHILDREN AND FAMILIES: AN ECONOMICS ANALYSIS-PROJECT 1

这份提案描述了四个相互关联的研究影响的项目 教育程度和学校特点对孩子们的影响 结果。第一个项目将分析学校“质量”的影响， 以班级大小和其他可观察到的特征衡量，在高 退学行为与大学招生决策。分析 将基于高中及以后的数据集和1988年全国 教育纵向调查。第二个项目将调查 学校质量对测量考试成绩表现的影响。我们会 建立1970-92年期间州级观测的数据库 这包括SAT成绩、学生特征和学校质量 措施。该项目的一个关键方面将是规格和 对符合以下条件的州平均考试分数模型进行测试 适合个人成就和测试参与的模式。这个 第三个项目将使用最近的随机试验的结果来 评估在教育生产中使用的评估方法 功能文学。我们已经从大规模受控的 随机分配给小学生和老师的实验 1985年田纳西州不同规模的班级。以前对此的研究 实验发现，小班学生的平均成绩较高 得分。我们将把实验结果与下列结果进行对比 适用于类似学生群体的非实验方法 谁写了同样的标准化测试，以了解是否使用的方法 传统的观测研究可以正确地识别真实的 考试成绩与班级规模的关系。重点将放在 利用社会实验来测试识别哪些限制 在非试验性情况下强加的。最后一个项目将研究 学校资源对学生后续收入的影响。这 研究将使用1990年人口普查微数据文件来更新和扩展更早的 作者的分析。通过汇集可在 1980年和1990年的人口普查，我们可以分离出改变学校质量的作用 在过去十年中，教育的有分寸“回报”有所上升， 并比较了学校质量对较早和较晚的队列的影响 工人们。我们还将探讨非线性规范对 收入、教育和学校质量之间的关系。

This proposal describes four inter-related projects that study the effects of educational attainment and school characteristics on children's outcomes. The first project will analyze the effects of school "quality", measured by class size and other observable characteristics, on high school drop out behavior and college enrollment decisions. The analysis will be based on the High School and Beyond data set and the 1988 National Educational Longitudinal Survey. The second project will investigate the effect of school quality on measured test score performance. We will develop a data base of state-level observations for the 1970-92 period that includes SAT scores, student characteristics, and school quality measures. A key aspect of the project will be the specification and testing of models for state average test scores that are consistent with appropriate models for individual achievement and test participation. The third project will use the results of a recent randomized experiment to evaluate the evaluation methods used in the educational production function literature. We have obtained data from a large-scale controlled experiment that randomly assigned elementary-school students and teachers to different size classes in Tennessee in 1985. Previous studies of this experiment find that students in smaller classes had higher average test scores. We will contrast the results of the experiment with results from non-experimental methodologies applied to a similar population of students who wrote the same standardized test, to learn whether the methods used in traditional observational studies can correctly identify the true relationship between test scores and class size. The emphasis will be on exploiting the social experiment to test identifying restrictions that are imposed in non-experimental situations. The final project will study the effect of school resources on the subsequent earnings of students. This study will use 1990 Census microdata files to update and extend earlier analyses by the authors. By pooling the large samples available in the 1980 and 1990 Censuses we can isolate the role of changing school quality in the rise in the measured "return" to education over the past decade, and compare the effects of school quality for earlier and later cohorts of workers. We will also explore the impact of nonlinear specifications of the earnings, education, and school quality relationships.