The role of exercise in vaccine-mediated immunity

运动增强疫苗诱导的抗原特异性T细胞反应。经常适度运动可增强免疫功能，但其对免疫功能的影响及其后果尚未得到充分研究。没有（AL）或有（AL + EX）自由运动轮的小鼠分别通过鼻内或皮下途径接种模型抗原（卵清蛋白（OVA）），以靶向粘膜和全身免疫区。ex增强了ova特异性CD4+ T细胞因子在所有淋巴器官的产生和增殖，但没有改变任何器官的细胞分布。这些结果表明，将适度运动与疫苗接种相结合可以提高疫苗预防和/或治疗多种疾病的功效。在另一项研究中，能量限制和运动不同程度地增强了小鼠全身和粘膜免疫的成分。肥胖是包括癌症在内的几种慢性疾病的已知风险因素，在过去40年里，肥胖的患病率急剧上升。改变饮食和/或增加体育活动是预防或逆转肥胖最常被推荐的基于生活方式的策略。有几个生理系统可以通过饮食改变和锻炼得到增强，其中之一就是免疫系统。本研究考察了能量限制（ER，相对于控制能量摄入减少30%）和/或EX（自主轮跑）对全身和粘膜免疫功能的影响。雌性C57BL/6小鼠随机分为四组：1)对照组随意进食；2)带行走轮的AL (AL+EX)；3) 30% er；4) 30%的ER带行走轮（ER+EX）。ER和EX均可降低脾脏重量和脾脏T淋巴细胞、B淋巴细胞数量（p < 0.05）。内质网增强NK细胞功能，但显著降低Con a诱导的T细胞增殖（p < 0.05）。相比之下，EX显著增强Con a诱导的Peyers斑块细胞增殖和细胞因子产生（p < 0.05）。这些数据表明，ER和EX增强了免疫系统的一些成分，但不是全部成分，并且可能通过不同的生物机制调节NK和T细胞功能。

Exercise enhances vaccine-induced antigen-specific T cell responses. Regular moderate exercise has been proposed to enhance immune function, but its effects on immunity and their consequences have not been well studied. Mice without (AL) or with access (AL + EX) to voluntary running wheels were vaccinated with a model antigen (ovalbumin (OVA)) via intranasal or subcutaneous routes to target the mucosal and systemic immune compartments, respectively. EX-enhanced OVA-specific CD4+ T cell cytokine production and proliferation in all lymphoid organs examined without changes in cell distribution in any organ. These results suggest that coupling moderate exercise with vaccination may enhance vaccine efficacy for the prevention and/or therapy of numerous diseases. In another study, energy restriction and exercise differentially enhance components of systemic and mucosal immunity in mice. The prevalence of obesity, an established risk factor for several chronic diseases including cancer, has risen dramatically over the past four decades. Dietary change and/or increased physical activity are the most commonly recommended lifestyle-based strategies for preventing or reversing obesity. One of several physiological systems that may be enhanced by dietary change and exercise is the immune system. This study examines the effects of energy restriction (ER; 30% reduction relative to control energy intake) and/or EX (voluntary-wheel running) on systemic and mucosal immune function. Female C57BL/6 mice were randomized into four treatment conditions: 1) controls consuming food ad libitum (AL); 2) AL with access to running wheels (AL+EX); 3) 30% ER; and 4) 30% ER with access to running wheels (ER+EX). Both ER and EX reduced spleen weight and the number of splenic T and B lymphocytes (p less than 0.05). ER enhanced NK cell function, but significantly reduced Con A-induced T cell proliferation (p less than 0.05). In contrast, EX significantly enhanced Con A-induced proliferation and cytokine production from Peyers patch cells (p less than 0.05). These data suggest that ER and EX enhance some, but not all components of the immune system, and are likely working via different biological mechanisms to regulate NK and T cell function.