Color appearance and its relation to perceptual organization

描述（由申请人提供）：光的感知颜色在很大程度上取决于看到光的环境，但以前的工作过于简化了环境中单个元素的贡献，将环境的所有元素视为图/地分割中的基础。在自然观看中，大多数场景都有许多对象，其中一些对象与焦点测试对象的联系比其他对象更强。物体的颜色外观可能取决于具有共享属性的元素，但哪些元素或共享关系是最重要的，这在很大程度上尚未得到探索。提出的研究将开发一个更精细的理解，如何不同的环境组成部分影响颜色感知。特别是，颜色外观变化将与地面的某些部分比其他部分更强烈地与测试联系在一起。Aim 1比较了在不同深度平面上分离的元素的颜色外观变化。在s锥刺激中不同刺激的颜色诱导和颜色适应程度将通过在同一深度平面内与图形相关的一些元素和进一步去除其他元素来测量。感知到的颜色变化将通过与测试对象外观的颜色匹配来量化。深度的影响将通过在不同深度的环境的颜色属性不同的条件下匹配的变化来评估。目标2将探索通过运动方向与图形相关的元素的色彩感应程度。待验证的假设是，当被测者被感知向同一方向移动时，二维平面情境或三维深度运动情境是否会主导色彩诱导线索。目标2将使用与目标1类似的方法来量化感知到的颜色变化。目的3关注颜色适应机制及其对三维场景表征的敏感性。感知的色移将在适应低频色噪声后测量，这些噪声沿着色彩空间的特定方向变化（例如，LM或S方向），有或没有分裂。当图形和地面之间的光度和/或几何关系支持透明层的感知时，就会发生分裂。感知到的颜色变化将在不同的分裂感知条件下进行比较。这些实验是由一个整体假设指导的，即场景中的所有元素对人物的颜色外观的贡献并不相同，它们的不同影响取决于物体关系，而不仅仅是视网膜位置的接近。该实验将提供有关自然视觉中活跃的色彩感知神经机制的新知识。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The perceived color of a light can depend strongly on the context in which the light is seen, but previous work oversimplifies the contribution of individual elements within the context by treating all elements of context as the ground in figure/ground segmentation. In natural viewing, most scenes have many objects, some with stronger ties to the focal test object than others. The color appearance of an object may depend on elements with shared properties, but what elements or shared relations are most important have been largely unexplored. The proposed research will develop a more refined understanding of how the various components of context differentially affect color perception. In particular, color appearance changes will be measured with some parts of the ground more strongly linked to the test than other parts. Aim 1 compares color appearance shifts with elements separated in different depth planes. The degree of chromatic induction and chromatic adaptation from stimuli varying in S-cone stimulation will be measured with some elements linked to the figure within the same depth plane and others further removed. Perceived color shifts will be quantified with color matches to the appearance of a test object. The influence of depth will be evaluated by the changes in matches in conditions that vary the chromatic properties of the context at various depths. Aim 2 will explore the degree of chromatic induction with elements linked to the figure by the direction of motion. The hypothesis to be tested is whether context in two-dimensional planar or three- dimensional depth motion will dominate chromatic induction cues when the test is perceived to move in the same direction. Aim 2 will use similar methods as for Aim 1 to quantify perceived color shifts. Aim 3 is concerned with chromatic adaptation mechanisms and their sensitivity to three-dimensional scene representations. Perceived color shifts will be measured following adaptation to low-frequency chromatic noise varying along a particular direction in color space (for example, the LM or S direction), with and without scission. Scission occurs when the photometric and/or geometric relations between the figure and ground support a percept of transparent layers. Perceived color shifts will be compared in conditions that vary the percept of scission. These experiments are guided by the overall hypothesis that all elements within a scene do not contribute equally to the color appearance of a figure, and that their differential influences depend on object relations, not simply retinotopic proximity. The experiments will provide new knowledge about the neural mechanisms of color perception that are active in natural viewing. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: In natural viewing, each object we see is embedded within complex content of other objects simultaneously in view. While context is known to influence color perception, this research will provide a more refined understanding of how each part of the context alters the colors we see. This work is an essential foundation for understanding abnormal functioning within higher levels of visual neural processing, which are critical for seeing colored objects in natural situations.