NMDA receptors in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer

描述（由申请人提供）：我们的数据显示，在中枢神经系统（CNS）中选择性发现的两种受体的表达很可能是所有或大多数乳腺癌（BC）的共同特征，并且这些受体可能被识别其细胞外结构域特殊特征的多克隆和单克隆抗体靶向。中枢神经系统受体促进乳腺癌的生长，可被拮抗剂和抗体抑制。因此，这些受体的表达不仅为我们提供了标记物，用于在乳腺活检中识别肿瘤，以及监测疾病的治疗（扫描肿瘤反应、转移、残留肿瘤），而且还提高了以后开发新疗法的可能性。目的/假设：本项目的目的是为乳腺癌（BC）的影像学和治疗提供新的方法。正在验证的假设是，已识别的BC表达的CNS受体将为更好的检测、监测和最终治疗提供敏感和可靠的靶点。具体目的：目标是：(i)确定两种中枢神经系统受体在乳腺癌中的分布和丰度及其在这些肿瘤中的选择性表达；（ii）确定可用的抗受体单克隆抗体中99mtech标记的fab对胸腺小鼠中生长的雌激素反应性和雌激素无反应性BC的有效性；（iii）识别参与肿瘤受体激活和阻断的分子途径；（iv）评估受体阻断的特异性；(v)测定所选单克隆抗体破坏/阻止胸腺小鼠中雌激素应答和雌激素无应答（三阴性）BC生长的有效性。用抗体成像和治疗将与使用泛在免疫球蛋白进行比较。fab是由完整抗体通过酶裂解产生的小结合片段。设计：这些调查将对活体动物进行全身扫描，寻找应该集中在肿瘤中的放射性物质，然后测量不同组织中的放射性水平。他们还将涉及治疗肿瘤的日常尺寸测量，亲和层析，人体组织的免疫组织化学，RIA， ELISA, RT-PCR，克隆和DNA测序，shRNA敲除，Western分析，病理学和流式细胞术。健康相关性：该项目有望在大多数或所有BC患者中产生广泛可用和敏感的方法，这些方法有可能识别乳腺组织中的癌症，并监测治疗（评估肿瘤反应，检测残留肿瘤和复发疾病，定位转移）。所采用的方法也可能最终为复发性BC患者带来新的更有效的治疗方法。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Our data show expression of two receptors selectively found in the central nervous system (CNS) are very likely to be features common to all or most breast cancer (BC), and that these receptors can potentially be targeted by polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies recognizing special features in their extracellular domain. The CNS receptors promote growth of breast cancer that can be inhibited by antagonists and antibodies. Expression of such receptors therefore not only presents us with markers, for identifying tumor in breast biopsies, and for monitoring treatment of the disease(scanning for tumor response, metastases, residual tumor), but also raises the possibility to later develop new therapies. Objective/Hypothesis: The objective of this project is to provide new methods for the imaging and treatment of breast cancer (BC). The hypothesis being tested is that identified CNS receptors expressed by BC will provide sensitive and reliable targets for better detection, monitoring, and eventual treatment. Specific Aims: Goals are directed towards: (i) establishing the distribution and abundance in breast cancer of the two CNS receptors and their selective expression by these tumors; (ii) ascertaining the effectiveness of 99mTechnetium-labeled Fabs from available anti-receptor monoclonal antibodies to image estrogen responsive and estrogen-unresponsive BC grown in athymic mice as test animals; (iii) discerning the molecular pathways involved in tumor receptor activation and blockade; (iv) assessing the specificity of receptor blockade, and; (v) determining the effectiveness of a selected monoclonal antibody to destroy/prevent growth of estrogen-responsive and estrogen-unresponsive (triple-negative) BC grown in athymic mice. Imaging and treatment with antibodies will be compared with those using ubiquitous immunoglobulin. Fabs are small binding fragments generated from intact antibodies through enzyme cleavage. Design: These investigations will employ whole body scanning of the live animals for radioactivity that should be concentrated in the tumors, and later measurement of the levels of radioactivity in different tissues. They will also involve daily size measurements of treated tumors, affinity chromatography, immunohistochemistry of human tissues, RIA, ELISA, RT-PCR, cloning, and DNA sequencing, shRNA knockdown, Western analysis, pathology, and flow cytometry. Health Relatedness: This project promises the generation of widely available and sensitive methods that have the potential for identifying cancer in breast tissue, and monitoring treatments (evaluating tumor response, detecting residual tumor and recurrent disease, localizing metastases), in most, or all, individuals with BC. Employed approaches could also eventually lead to new and more effective treatments for patients suffering from recurrent BC. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Our project focuses on two receptor proteins, and should provide those treating breast cancer patients, with the prospect of new and precise methods for detecting disease in tissue biopsies at an earlier time, for detecting pockets of residual metastases, and for diagnosing relapse soon after a tumor recurs. Of more significance, it is also expected to eventually lead to effective new targeted treatments for most, or all, breast cancer. Such new treatments can then be directly and closely monitored for efficacy by visualizing the receptor protein markers on the tumor.