Community Health, Anti-social Behavior and Safety at Street Segments: A Comparati

描述（由申请人提供）：与专注于个人或社区的药物使用传统研究不同，我们的研究探讨了如何专注于微地理药物热点增加了我们对药物使用和相关健康问题的理解。该项目的具体目标是：1）比较健康结果（包括精神和身体健康、吸毒、艾滋病毒和性传播感染风险）以及毒品热点地区居民对掠夺性犯罪热点地区和非热点地区居民的反社会行为; 2）确定个人健康结果和反社会行为的发展模式，以及这些模式与地方特征的社会和生态变化的关系; 3） 衡量与比较条件相比，地方的社会和生态特征与毒品热点的关系;以及4）确定（和比较）三个研究样本中健康结果、毒品使用和其他反社会行为随时间发展趋势的预测因素。这项研究将提供关于吸毒原因及其与健康结果（包括身心健康以及艾滋病毒和性传播感染风险）之间关系的重要新知识。这种知识将为制定新的和创新的干预战略奠定基础，这些战略认识到微观地理机制在产生吸毒以及相关的反社会行为和健康问题方面的重要性。 为了解决这些问题，在马里兰州的巴尔的摩市的450个街道段的前瞻性纵向研究提出了五年的时间。抽样方法涉及选择150个“毒品热点”，其特征是从巴尔的摩市警察局（BPD）的官方数据，并比较样本的150个“掠夺性犯罪热点”和150个“非热点”的街道段。这些街道段将从该市符合条件的单位中随机抽取，并将被选择以尽量减少可能的空间污染。本研究将采用四种类型的数据收集来实现研究目标：1）创新的小组调查（包括替换）在五年期间在街道一级进行了三次，每一波完成4 500次调查; 2）与调查同时进行的对街道特征的实际观察; 3）对三个研究组各50个街道段的样本进行定性研究;以及4）关于街道段特征的档案数据。研究中的分析方法包括三组的描述性比较、分层线性模型、纵向回归设计和轨迹分析。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Unlike traditional studies of drug use which have focused either on individuals or communities, our study examines how focus on micro geographic drug hot spots adds to our understanding of drug use and related health problems. The specific aims of the project are: 1) to compare health outcomes (including mental and physical health, drug use, HIV and STI risk) and antisocial behavior of residents who live in drug hot spots to residents in predatory crime hot spots and non-hot spot places; 2) to identify developmental patterns of health outcomes and anti-social behavior of individuals, and the relationship of those patterns to social and ecological changes in characteristics of places; 3) to measure how social and ecological characteristics of places are related to drug hot spots as compared with the comparison conditions; and 4) to identify (and compare) predictors of developmental trends in health outcomes, drug use and other anti-social behaviors over time in the three study samples. This study would provide significant new knowledge about the causes of drug use and its relationship to health outcomes, including mental and physical health and HIV and STI risk. Such knowledge would lay the foundation for the development of new and innovative intervention strategies that recognize the importance of micro geographic mechanisms in the production of drug use, and related anti- social behavior and health problems. In order to address these issues, a prospective longitudinal study of 450 street segments in Baltimore City, Maryland over a five year period is proposed. The sampling approach involves the selection of 150 "drug hotspots" as characterized by official data from the Baltimore City Police Department (BPD), and comparison samples of 150 "predatory crime hot spots" and 150 "non-hot spot" street segments. These street segments would be drawn randomly from eligible units in the city, and will be selected so as to minimize possible spatial contamination. Four types of data collection will be used to address the research goals of the study: 1) an innovative panel survey (with replacement) conducted three times over a five year period at the street segment level, comprising 4,500 completed surveys per wave; 2) physical observations of characteristics of the street segments conducted simultaneously with the surveys; 3) a qualitative study of a sample of 50 street segments from each of the three study groups; and 4) archival data on characteristics of street segments. Analytic methods in the study include descriptive comparisons of the three groups, hierarchical linear models, longitudinal regression designs, and trajectory analysis.