A new feeding strategy for the rearing of growing pigs: the use of long-chain n-3 fatty acids to improve protein anabolism

养猪业竞争激烈，饲养和饲养方法都需要经常调整，以适应国内和国际贸易的市场趋势。这些管理“调整”并不一定会提高生产商的利润率，相反，它们会增加生产成本。 为了保持盈利能力，生产商必须提高生产率。 已经进行了许多尝试，以开发增加生长猪的饲料转化率而不引入有争议的试剂或分子的饲养管理的方法。 猪的饲养管理非常精细，试图改善它是一个挑战，然而，我们发现长链n-3脂肪酸（LCn-3FA）在生长动物模型，如阉牛和仔猪，通过提高肌肉胰岛素敏感性介导的蛋白质代谢的调节，调节蛋白质的摄入。 目前的研究计划包括向养猪业转让技术。该提案的具体步骤：1）确定必须饲喂起始猪和生长猪以最大限度提高性能的最低量鲱鱼油; 2）评价亮氨酸补充剂和鲱鱼油之间的协同相互作用，以促进蛋白质合成，并通过调节胰岛素信号传导途径改善饲料转化率。已设定待测量的方法学方法和参数为：性能（摄入量、体重增量、饲料转化率）;肌膜磷脂的脂肪酸分析;肌内甘油三酯和背部脂肪。 由于细胞胰岛素信号传导机制作为蛋白质转运的调节剂的作用，还将通过评估IR、IRS-1、IRS-2、PI 3激酶、Akt、mTOR、S6 K1、4 EBP-1和GLUT 4转运蛋白来研究细胞胰岛素信号传导机制。

The swine industry is competitive and both feeding and rearing practices are subject to frequent adjustments in order to follow market trends that are dictating national and international trades. These management 'adjustments' do not necessarily result in higher profitability for the producers, conversely, they increase production costs.  In order to maintain profitability, producers have to increase their rate of production.   Many attempts have been made to develop approaches that increase feed conversion of growing pigs without the introduction of controversial agents or molecules in the rearing management.  Swine feeding management is quite refined and it is a challenge trying to improve it.  However, we have discovered that long-chain n-3 fatty acids (LCn-3FA) in the diet do regulate protein anabolism by enhancing muscle insulin sensitivity mediating the regulation of protein metabolism in growing animal models as steers and piglets.  The current research proposal consists of a technological transfer to swine production. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES OF THIS PROPOSAL : 1) To establish the minimal amounts of menhaden oil that have to be fed to starting and growing pigs in order to maximize performance; 2) To evaluate the synergistic interaction between a leucine supplement and menhaden oil in order to promote protein anabolism and to improve feed conversion through the modulation of the insulin signalling pathway. The methodological approaches and parameters that have been set to be measured are: performance (intake, body weight gain, feed conversion); fatty acid profiling of muscle membrane phospholipids; intramuscular triglycerides and back fat.  The cellular insulin signalling machinery will also be investigated due to its role as a regulator of protein anabolism by assessing: IR, IRS-1, IRS-2, PI3 kinase, Akt, mTOR, S6K1, 4EBP-1, and GLUT4 transporter.