Tectonics, sedimentation and salt dynamics in transtensional and transpressional basins, south maritimes basin, Nova Scotia

古代和现代山脉是大陆地壳碎片碰撞的结果，即所谓的碰撞。这些边界形成了地壳构造和断层系统，它们在造山晚期仍然可以作为挤压逆冲断层活动，或者在碰撞后阶段作为水平位移为10 ~ 100 km的大陆走滑断层带重新活动。在断层段或沿着弯曲的重叠带中，相邻地壳块体的相对位移可在前山脉的移动的基底顶部的断层边界沉积盆地中产生沉降。靠近高山的地区提供了大量的沉积物。盆地类型和沉积物来源的多样性控制着陆相-浅海沉积岩的沉积，包括矿产、煤和石油资源。加拿大大西洋沿岸的大型古生代滨海盆地就是这样一个叠加在阿巴拉契亚山脉镶嵌体上的晚造山带盆地。它由许多较小的沉积中心和断层为界的盆地组成，盆地充填厚度超过12公里，是由沿着阿巴拉契亚山脉边界的主要走滑运动造成的。此外，在盆地形成的后期阶段，上覆沉积物的加载使盆地充填物底部的厚海相蒸发岩沉积物（例如岩盐）活动化，从而导致上覆沉积物的盐底辟和盐流相关变形结构。在这个项目中，我们应用构造领域的研究在南部海洋盆地和规模的物理实验组成的砂硅模型与新的高分辨率变形监测技术，研究构造演化和盐动员在海洋盆地，并将提供支持，为未来的石油勘探在这一地区。

Ancient and modern mountain ranges result from the collision of continental crust fragments, so called terranes. The terrane boundaries form crustal structures and fault systems that can be still active as compressional thrust faults in late stages of mountain building or may be reactivated later as continental strike-slip fault zone with horizontal displacements of 10's to 100's km during the post-collision stage. In overlap zones of fault segments or along bends the opposed displacement of adjacent crustal blocks can generate subsidence in fault-bounded sedimentary basins on top of the mobile basement of the former mountain range. The close neighbourhood to high mountain ranges provides high sediment supply. The variety of basin styles and sediment sources controls the deposition of continental to shallow marine sedimentary rocks including mineral, coal and petroleum resources. The large Palaeozoic Maritimes Basin in Atlantic Canada is such a late-orogene basin superimposed on a mosaic of Appalachian terranes. It consists of numerous smaller depocentres and fault-bounded basins with a thick basin fill of more than 12 km thickness that were created by major strike-slip motion along Appalachian terrane boundaries. Additionally, thick marine evaporite sediments (e.g. rock salt) in the basal part of the basin fill were mobilized by the loading of the overlying sediments during the later stages of basin formation causing salt diapirs and salt-flow-related deformation structures of the overlying sediments. In this project we apply tectonic field studies in the Southern Maritimes Basin and scaled physical experiments consisting of sand-silicone models with new high-resolution deformation monitoring techniques to study the tectonic evolution and salt mobilization in the Maritimes basin and will provide support for future petroleum exploration in this area.