QCD and Standard Model Effects in Strong, Weak and Electromagnetically Interacting Systems

目前所有的证据都表明，粒子物理学的标准模型是成功描述宇宙中所有低能现象所需的正确基础理论。在模型中，强相互作用（例如，将中子和质子结合到原子核中）使用量子色动力学（QCD）来描述，而弱相互作用和电磁相互作用则使用Glashow， Weinberg和Salam的统一电弱理论来描述。理解标准模型的精确含义，在低能量下，对于感受到强相互作用（强子）的系统是一项艰巨的任务，因为技术原因与这些尺度上强相互作用的强度有关。这种强相互作用使涉及强子的所有过程的技术计算复杂化。这不仅适用于那些由强相互作用介导的过程，也适用于那些由弱相互作用和电磁相互作用介导的过程，因为后者通过量子修正以一种非平凡的方式被强作用力改变。在这个提议中，许多技术（包括“QCD和规则”，“手性微扰理论”和“晶格规范理论”）将被用于(i)对强子过程和性质进行定量预测，以及（ii）允许精确确定标准模型的一些基本参数，这些参数代表了宇宙中发生的低能现象的基本可观测值。

All current evidence points to the Standard Model of particle physics as the correct basic theory needed to successfully describe all low-energy phenomena in the universe. In the model, the strong interactions (responsible, for example, for binding neutrons and protons into atomic nuclei) are described using Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), while the weak and electromagnetic interactions are described using the unified electroweak theory of Glashow, Weinberg and Salam. Understanding the precise implications of the Standard Model, at low energies, for systems which feel the strong interactions (hadrons) turns out to be a difficult task, for technical reasons associated with the strength of the strong interaction at these scales. Such strong interactions complicate technical calculations for all processes involving hadrons. This is true not only for those processes mediated by the strong interaction, but also for those mediated by weak and electromagnetic interactions since the latter are altered in a non-trivial way by the strong force through quantum corrections. In this proposal a number of techniques (including "QCD sum rules", "Chiral Perturbation Theory" and "lattice gauge theory") will be employed to (i) produce quantitative predictions for hadronic processes and properties, and (ii) allow precision determinations of a number of the basic parameters of the Standard Model, which represent the fundamental observables for low-energy phenomena occuring in the universe.