Pyrometallurgical processing

拟议的项目将扩大申请者对火法冶金的核心兴趣，并直接使加拿大的黑色金属和有色金属行业受益：1.有色金属耐火系统的建模：水下注氧在有色金属行业中很常见。然而，注射现场附近的耐火材料寿命很短，这在反应堆停机和耐火材料更换方面都产生了巨大的成本。通过建立受影响耐火材料内部温度和应力的数学模型，将确定操作实践和/或耐火材料安装的变化，以延长使用寿命。2.喷吹碳氢化合物脱氧：通过添加Al(或其他金属)形成固体Al_2O_3，从钢液中去除溶解氧。这是昂贵的，并导致凝固钢中的缺陷。甲烷(CH4)脱氧可避免缺陷，从而使加拿大钢铁生产商直接受益。采用实验和热力学模拟相结合的方法，将确定甲烷脱氧的可行性，并研究相关问题，如氢气溶解和再碳化。3.CSP隧道炉的建模：紧凑型带钢生产(CSP)是炼钢领域的一项最新创新。CSP轧钢厂利用“隧道”炉直接连接浇注和轧制作业，并吸收延迟。为了帮助优化再加热过程，将开发隧道炉的热模型，以确定改进的操作程序，降低燃料消耗，并实现对卸料薄板坯的更好温度控制。4.回转窑的暂态模型：回转窑是加拿大冶金和造纸工业中运行的40个以上的常见反应器。由于工业窑炉经常遇到工艺颠覆，将开发一个数学窑炉模型来模拟非稳态运行期间的条件，以便确定在最小生产率损失的情况下恢复稳定运行的最佳方案。

The proposed projects will extend the applicant's core interest in pyrometallurgy and directly benefit the Canadian ferrous and nonferrous metals industries: 1. Modeling of Non-ferrous Refractory Systems: Submerged oxygen injection is common in the non-ferrous industry. However, refractory life in the vicinity of the injection site is short, which incurs significant costs in both reactor downtime and refractory replacement. By developing a mathematical model for temperature and stress within the affected refractory, changes to operating practice and/or the refractory installation to extend the in-service life will be identified. 2. Steel Deoxidation by Hydrocarbon Injection:  Dissolved oxygen is removed from liquid steel by a addition of Al (or other metals) forming solid Al2O3. This is costly and leads to defects in the solidified steel. Methane (CH4) deoxidation would avoid defects and thus directly benefit Canadian steel producers. Using a combination of experiments and thermodynamic modeling, the viability of methane deoxidation will be determined and related issues, such as hydrogen dissolution and recarburization, examined. 3. Modeling of the CSP Tunnel Furnace: Compact Strip Production (CSP) is a recent innovation in steelmaking. CSP mills utilize a 'tunnel' furnace to directly link the casting and rolling operations and absorb delays. To assist with optimization of the reheating process, a thermal model for the tunnel furnace will be developed to identify improved operating procedures, reduce fuel consumption and achieve better temperature control in the discharged thin slabs. 4. Transient Model for the Rotary Kiln: Rotary kilns are common reactors with upwards of 40 operating in the Canadian metallurgical and paper industries. Because industrial kilns frequently encounter process upsets, a mathematical kiln model will be developed to simulate conditions during unsteady-state operation in order to identify the best options for recovering stable operation with minimal loss in productivity.