Genome duplication and evolution in salmonids

加拿大拥有世界上25%的海岸线和16%的湖泊和河流淡水，加拿大对环境、保护和潜在的商业活动负有巨大的责任。鲑鱼科的成员栖息在大部分海洋和淡水沃茨，包括白鲑和ciscos（白鲑亚科），graylings（百里香亚科）和鳟鱼，鲑鱼和charr（鲑鱼亚科）。 鲑鱼在经济上很重要，科学上很有趣，对加拿大人和世界其他地方都有文化意义。 鲑鱼-大西洋鲑鱼、虹鳟、北极红点鲑和其他鱼类为12 390名加拿大人提供了就业机会（2001年），其中90%居住在沿海、农村和土著社区。此外，捕捞野生鲑鱼仍然是一项非常重要的活动，但许多北美野生鲑鱼渔业受到威胁。在过去的四年里，科学家们已经发表了4,200多篇关于鲑鱼的科学论文，兴趣涉及生理学、毒理学、健康、保护、进化和生物化学等领域。 鲑科动物具有特殊的科学意义，因为它们最近的一次全基因组复制使它们的所有基因都翻了一番。 这造成了一种不稳定的遗传状态，不同种类的鲑鱼采取了各种策略来重新加倍（稳定）它们的基因组。因此，鲑科鱼类是研究全基因组复制后果的极好模型系统。 基因组复制是脊椎动物进化中反复出现的主题，在产生大量物种和现代脊椎动物和人类的复杂性方面发挥了根本作用。

With 25% of the world's coastline and 16% of the world's fresh water in the form of lakes and rivers, Canada's responsibility to the environment, conservation and potential commercial activities is tremendous. Inhabiting most of the ocean and fresh waters are members of the Salmonidae family which include the whitefishes and ciscos (subfamily Coregoninae), graylings (subfamily Thymallinae) and trout, salmon and charr (subfamily Salmoninae).      The salmonid fishes are economically important, scientifically interesting and culturally relevant for Canadians and the rest of the world.  Salmonids - Atlantic salmon, rainbow trout Arctic charr and others provide employment for 12,390 Canadians (2001), 90% of which reside in coastal, rural and Aboriginal communities. In addition, harvesting wild salmonids is still a very important activity, however many North American wild salmonid fisheries are threatened. Better science-based conservation measures are badly needed.Scientifically, salmonids have been the subject of over 4,200 scientific publications in the last four years and interests span areas of physiology, toxicology, health, conservation, evolution, and biochemistry.   Salmonids are of special scientific interest because a whole genome duplication in their recent past has doubled all of their genes.  This created an unstable genetic state from which the different species of salmonids have taken a variety of strategies to rediploidize (stabilize) their genome. Salmonids are therefor an excellent model system to investigate the consequences of a whole genome duplication.   Genome duplication is a reoccuring theme in vertebrate evolution that has played a fundamental role in generating large numbers of species and the complexity seen in modern vertebrates and humans.