Development of new methods and techniques for engineering surveys

最近的灾难性灾害，如：新奥尔良堤桥坍塌，蒙特利尔立交桥坍塌，德国、波兰和俄罗斯大型民用建筑屋顶坍塌，加利福尼亚州和菲律宾发生山体滑坡，中国深部煤矿岩石崩塌和人员伤亡，这些都极大地增加了对改进现有变形监测系统和开发新的变形监测系统的需求。变形测量的自动化、多传感器集成、连续数据收集、综合分析以及提高精度和可靠性是拟议研究中要解决的关键问题。申请人和他在UNB的加拿大大地工程中心(CCGE)的同事自70年代中期以来一直参与开发监测结构和地面变形的新方法和技术。在过去二十年中，CCGE在开发和实施监测、建模和预测结构和地面变形的新技术和方法方面，已获得世界公认的领先中心之一。一个例子是最近开发的ALERT软件套件，用于全自动和连续监测变形。在过去的5年里，警报系统已经商业化，并被用于监测加拿大、美国、智利和委内瑞拉的大型土坝和露天矿。当前版本的警报使用与GPS接收器链接的大地机器人全站仪(RTS)。这一版本虽然非常适合当前的应用，但不能完全满足所有监控需求。为了满足结构监测(如大型结构、隧道、管道、桥梁的屋顶监测)的需要，警报系统将增加额外的大地测量和各种岩土传感器，以提供一个多功能和全自动的多传感器监测系统。重点将放在新型光纤应变计、倾斜仪、伪卫星(类似GPS信号的地面发射器)和地面雷达干涉系统的使用上。将制定一种利用变形确定性模型设计多传感器监测调查的方法。

Recent catastrophic disasters such as: failures of levees and bridges in New Orleans; failure of overpasses in Montreal; collapses of roofs of large civil structures in Germany, Poland, and Russia; land slides in California and the Philippines; and rock failures and loss of lives in deep coal mines in China have dramatically increased demand for improving the existing and developing new deformation monitoring systems. Automation, multi-sensor integration, continuous data collection, integrated analysis, and enhanced accuracy and reliability of deformation surveys are the key issues to be addressed in the proposed research. The applicant and his associates at the Canadian Centre for Geodetic Engineering (CCGE) at UNB have been involved in the development of new methods and techniques for monitoring structural and ground deformations since mid '70s. Over the past two decades CCGE has gained world recognition as being among the leading centres in the development and implementation of new techniques and methods for monitoring, modeling, and prediction of structural and ground deformations. One example is the recent development of the ALERT software suite for fully automated and continuous monitoring of deformations. Over the last 5 years, the ALERT system has been commercialized and employed in monitoring large earth dams and open pit mines in Canada, USA, Chile, and Venezuela. The current version of ALERT uses geodetic Robotic Total Stations (RTS) linked with GPS receivers. This version, though perfectly suited to its current applications, would be unable to completely satisfy all monitoring needs. In order to satisfy needs of structural monitoring (e.g. monitoring of roofs of large structures, tunnels, pipelines, bridges) the ALERT system will be augmented by additional geodetic and various geotechnical sensors to provide a versatile and fully automated multi-sensor monitoring system. The focus will be on the use of a new type of fibre optic strainmeters, tiltmeters, pseudolites (terrestrial transmitter of GPS-like signals),and a ground based radar interferometry system. A methodology will be developed for a design of multi-sensor monitoring surveys using deterministic modeling of deformation.