Magmatic to hydrothermal transition: a structural and tectonic influence on formation of porphyry Cu and epithermal ore deposits

假设母岩浆的地球化学性质是适当的，则需要事件之间的微妙平衡才能产生岩浆-热液系统，如斑岩铜或浅成热液矿床。从结晶岩浆室中释放出的流体需要时间，这些岩浆室会逃逸出来，浮升到上面的热液系统。此外，必须遏制岩浆系统，使热液集中在渗透性结构(断层、岩脉)上，不允许其广泛分散到水圈中。从本质上讲，不可能发生这样的灾难性事件：排出岩浆或热液，导致快速冷却，从而抑制或限制热液的出溶，或者持续破坏岩浆室周围的压力密封，使热液不受关注地逃逸。在发挥作用的许多潜在因素中，构造对岩浆室生长和含金属热液输送的影响在很大程度上没有引起经济地质研究界的注意。然而，物理火山学家对这个问题感到担忧，他们认为火山的大小和形态以及由此推断的次火山岩浆体受到岩浆作用期间构造的影响。从本质上讲。构造作为次火山侵入的重要基本控制因素和任何衍生的热液系统作为系统的整体地球化学。

A delicate balance between events is required to generate a magmatic-hydrothermal system such as a porphyry Cu or epithermal deposit, assuming that the geochemical character of the parent magma is appropriate. Time is required to exsolve a fluid from a crystallizing magma chamber that escapes to rise buoyantly into the overlying hydrothermal system. Moreover, the magmatic system must be contained and the hydrothermal fluid focused up a permeability structure (faults, dikes), and not be allowed to disperse widely into the hydrosphere. In essence, there can be no catastrophic event that drains a chamber of magma or hydrothermal fluids, induces rapid cooling such that exsolution of hydrothermal fluids is suppressed or limited, or that the pressure seal around the magma chamber is continually disrupted such that hydrothermal fluids escape unfocussed. Of the many potential factors that play a role, the influence of tectonics on magma chamber growth and delivery of a metalliferous hydrothermal fluid has largely escaped the attention of the economic geology research community. However, physical volcanologists have worried about the question, arguing that the size and morphology of volcanoes and by inference the subvolcanic magma body is influenced by the tectonics during magmatism. Essentially. tectonics as a important fundamental control on the subvolcanic intrusion and any derivative hydrothermal system as the overall geochemistry of the system.