Impact of the mountain pine beetle outbreak on the carbon and water balances of lodgepole pine stands in the BC interior

对受山地松甲虫（MPB）影响的小孢子松林的管理反应各不相同，从完全清除松树树冠和二级结构（树苗、幼苗、灌木和草本植物），到选择性清除受MPB影响的树木，保留不同程度的二级结构，再到完全非侵入性的策略，即，适当的管理对策必须平衡二级结构组成部分的潜在未来经济可行性，同时需要保护栖息地，生态系统生物多样性，并尽量减少对林分和周围生态系统碳和水平衡的干扰。不列颠哥伦比亚内陆地区目前偏向于在混合物种林分中进行皆伐采伐，这反映了市场对某些类型木材和纸制品需求的现实。然而，在许多受影响的松树林中存在着重要的二级结构，如果在抢救性伐木作业中得到保护，可以为中期（15-30年）木材采伐提供机会，为野生动物提供栖息地，并减少流入河流和溪流的径流。通过研究林分水平生物量积累，蒸散量，和小气候的残留森林生态系统的抢救记录和非抢救记录的立场，我们将确定的相对健康和弹性的MPB影响的森林生态系统，建议最佳的管理响应或组合的响应MPB爆发的目的。使用遥感仪器和植被模型，根据生态系统光合作用和分解的实地测量结果进行校准，将使研究结果能够从林分一级扩展到景观。

Management responses to mountain pine beetle (MPB)-affected lodgepole pine stands vary from complete removal of the pine canopy and secondary structure (saplings, seedlings, shrubs and herbaceous plants) to selective removal of MPB-affected trees with varying degrees of secondary structure retention, to completely non-invasive strategies, i.e., allowing secondary structure to grow undisturbed in a dead stand. The appropriate management response must balance the potential future economic viability of components of the secondary structure with the need to preserve habitat, ecosystem biodiversity and to minimize disturbance to the carbon and water balances of the stand and surrounding ecosystems. The current bias towards clearcut harvesting in mixed-species stands in the BC Interior reflects the realities of market demand for certain types of wood and paper products. However, the presence of significant secondary structure in many of the affected pine stands could provide opportunities for mid-term (15-30 years) timber harvest, provide habitat for wildlife and reduce run-off to rivers and streams if preserved during salvage-logging operations. By studying changes to stand-level biomass accumulation, evapotranspiration, and microclimate of the residual forest ecosystems in salvage-logged and non-salvage-logged stands, we will determine the relative health and resiliency of MPB-affected forest ecosystems, with the aim of recommending the best management response or combination of responses to the MPB outbreak. The use of remote sensing instruments and vegetation models calibrated against field measurements of ecosystem photosynthesis and decomposition will allow the results of the study to be scaled from stand level to the landscape.