Keratin intermediate filament involvement in simple epithelial cell mechanical activity

细胞感知和适应机械刺激的能力对于发育期间的基本细胞活动如迁移、生长和分化至关重要。力从细胞外基质（ECM）转移到表面膜或在肌动蛋白细胞骨架内产生。在这两种情况下，机械力集中在整联蛋白上，整联蛋白聚集在粘着斑（FA）位点内并将ECM连接到肌动蛋白细胞骨架。然而，很少有人知道的贡献的细胞类型依赖性的中间丝（IF），如角蛋白IF，和相关的细胞-细胞粘附事件，上皮细胞的机械活动。此外，角蛋白IFs是否在器官发育中发挥调节作用尚不清楚。

The ability of cells to sense and adapt to mechanical stimuli is critical for basic cellular activities like migration, growth, and differentiation, during development. Forces are transferred to the surface membrane from the extracellular matrix (ECM) or intracellularly generated within the actin cytoskeleton. In both cases, the mechanical forces converge on integrins, which cluster within focal adhesion (FA) sites and link ECM to actin cytoskeleton. However, little is known about the contribution of the cell-type dependent intermediate filaments (IFs), such as keratin IFs, and related cell-cell adhesion events, to epithelial cell mechanical activity. Moreover, whether keratin IFs exert a regulatory role in organ development is unclear.