Investigating the birth and death of large igneous provinces

大型火成岩省(LIP)由大量的镁铁质喷出岩和侵入岩组成，它们包括地球上的一些突出特征，如大陆泛滥玄武岩、大洋高原、火山被动边缘、海底海脊、海山链，以及可能是世界上一些最大的层状镁铁质-超镁铁质侵入体。拟议的field-petrologic-geochemical-isotopic-geochronologic研究计划的主要目标是：(1)嘴唇是如何启动的，它们是如何组装的；(2)与嘴唇相关的岩浆作用是如何减弱的，在什么时间范围内；(3)两个巨大的层状侵入体(布什维尔德和斯蒂尔沃特)是否代表了嘴唇的高水平累积储集层？为了说明嘴唇是如何“诞生”的，将建立温哥华岛上三叠纪卡尔穆斯滕洪水玄武岩的物理、化学和时间结构，以评估这一巨大的海积高原的组装和生长机制。为了解决嘴唇如何“死亡”的问题，将研究南印度洋主要海洋岛屿科格伦群岛洪水过后的玄武岩侵入，以确定是什么控制了一些嘴唇中次生岩浆活动的起源和分布，次生岩浆作用发生在主要岩浆活动停止数百万年后。考虑到在相对较短的地质时期内产生了大量的玄武岩岩浆，唇状岩浆作用代表了地球上玄武岩形成的一种非常有效的过程。对这些主要的大型火成岩省和层状侵入体的研究计划将产生新的样品、地球化学和地质年代学结果，以及将显著提高我们对这些巨型火成岩的内部演化和形成速度的认识。该计划将直接帮助培训3名研究生和3-4名本科生，他们每个人都将接触到世界各地矿产勘探行业、地质调查和研究机构高度需要的广泛的研究管理、数据分析和演示技能。

Large igneous provinces (LIPs) consist of enormous emplacements of mafic extrusive and intrusive rocks, and they include such prominent features on Earth as continental flood basalts, oceanic plateaus, volcanic passive margins, submarine ridges, seamount chains, and perhaps some of the world's largest layered mafic-ultramafic intrusions. The major goals of the proposed field-petrologic-geochemical-isotopic-geochronologic research program address (1) how LIPs are initiated and how they are assembled, (2) how magmatism related to LIPs wanes and over what timeframe, and (3) whether two giant layered intrusions (Bushveld, Stillwater) represent the high-level cumulate reservoirs of LIPs? To address how LIPs are "born", the physical, chemical, and temporal architecture of the Triassic Karmusten flood basalts on Vancouver Island will be established to evaluate the mechanisms for assembly and growth of this immense accreted oceanic plateau. To address how LIPs "die", post-flood basalt intrusions from the Kerguelen Archipelago, a major oceanic island in the southern Indian Ocean, will be studied to determine what controls the origin and distribution of secondary magmatism, which occurs millions of years after the main magmatic activity ceases, in some LIPs. Given the very large volumes of basaltic magma produced over relatively short periods of geologic time, LIP magmatism represents a remarkably efficient process for the formation of basalt on Earth. The research program on these major large igneous provinces and layered intrusions will yield new samples, geochemical and geochronologic results, and interpretations that will significantly advance our knowledge of the internal evolution of these giant igneous bodies and the rates by which they form. The program will contribute directly to the training of 3 graduate and 3-4 undergraduate students, who will each be exposed to a wide range of research management, data analysis, and presentation skills that are in high demand from the mineral exploration industry, geological surveys, and research institutions worldwide.