Estimation of hydrological parameters from microwave remote sensing data/Estimation des paramètres hydrologiques à partir de la télédétection micro-onde

土壤湿度和雪的遥感是与水循环有关的若干国家和国际项目的一个关键组成部分。拟议的研究计划的总体目标是通过实现以下具体目标来更好地了解水循环：a）土壤（水分和粗糙度）和植被物理特性的评价; B）土壤水分分解方法的开发;以及c）积雪覆盖地区农业冻土的特征。重点是开发新的方法，将联合收割机无源和有源微波卫星数据、实地活动测量、微波辐射传输模型、雪-土壤-植被-大气传输模型和数据同化结合起来，以提取和分析水资源（土壤湿度、雪），并对积雪下的冻结农业土壤进行解冻。2011年夏季，将在农业地区与卫星立交桥（Radarsat-2、SMOS、TerraSAR-X、AMSR-E）同时开展密集的地表参数测量活动，以估计土壤湿度，2010年11月至2011年3月和2011年11月至2012年3月期间，将对积雪和冻土进行表征。所开发的方法和预期结果肯定将为今后使用卫星数据（土壤湿度主动和被动、寒冷地区水文高分辨率观测站、哨兵-1号等）做好准备。除了有助于水资源微波遥感领域的科学进步外，研究结果还将通过提供优化水资源管理方案和预测干旱、排水系统故障、植物窒息和其他农艺挑战造成的损失的手段，产生可衡量的社会经济影响。

Remote sensing of soil moisture and snow is a key component of several national and international projects related to water cycle. The general objective of the proposed research program is to gain better understanding of the water cycle by achieving the following specific objectives: a) Evaluation of soil (moisture and roughness) and vegetation physical characteristics; b) Development of soil moisture disaggregation method, and c) Characterisation of frozen agricultural soils over snow-covered areas. Emphasis is on the development of new methodologies that combine passive and active microwave satellite data, field campaign measurements, microwave radiative transfer models, the Snow-Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere Transfer model and, data assimilation to extract and analyse water resources (soil moisture, snow) and to characterise frozen agricultural soils beneath a snowpack. Intensive campaigns of surface parameter measurements, will be conducted simultaneously with satellite overpasses (Radarsat-2, SMOS, TerraSAR-X, AMSR-E), over agricultural areas during the summer of 2011 for the soil moisture estimation and during the periods November 2010-March 2011 and November 2011-March 2012 for the characterisation of snow cover and frozen soils. The developed methods and the expected results will certainly prepare to the use of future satellite data (Soil Moisture Active and Passive, COld REgions Hydrology High-resolution Observatory, Sentinel-1, etc.). In addition to contributing to scientific progress in the field of microwave remote sensing of water resources, the results will have measurable socio-economic impacts by providing the means for optimizing water resource management programs and predicting damages due to drought, faulty drainage, plant asphyxia, and other agronomic challenges.