Tribology of advanced materials and processes

材料的磨损是一个重要的工业问题;加拿大国家研究理事会最近的一份报告估计，加拿大工业的磨损成本每年约为100亿美元。这就强调了在材料的摩擦和磨损方面开发经济和技术上可行的材料研究计划的必要性。这个研究领域的重要性对美国的工程师来说已经变得显而易见，日本和欧洲的许多大型研究和开发活动现在都很活跃。不幸的是，在加拿大，类似项目的发生率不成比例地低。申请人建议在一些关键领域进行研究，这些领域对于提高我们对先进材料和工艺的磨损和摩擦的理解至关重要。拟议的研究计划将对汽车，航空航天和制造业具有重要价值。一个涉及耐磨块体超弹性TiNi的低可加工性的问题。为了实现更好的可加工性，申请人提出合成新一代耐磨微层压超弹性Ti/TiNi/Ni复合材料。由于纯Ni和Ti层的存在，预期这具有优于块状TiNi的改进的可加工性。在另一个分支中，将使用原子力显微镜研究摩擦的起源。在微观尺度上，接触固体在相对运动过程中的相互作用对于理解摩擦现象是非常重要的。在超低载荷下，表面粗糙度对测量摩擦力的贡献以及粗糙高度和坡度对摩擦力的影响将被详细研究。最后，立方氮化硼在精密硬车削（PFHT）中的磨损监测将继续进行。刀具磨损是造成机械加工零件几何误差的主要因素之一。在这一领域，申请人打算确定刀具磨损、切削力、刀具几何形状和加工条件之间的关系，以优化PFHT操作，实现工件的高质量表面光洁度和精度。最终，它是希望的实时监控策略，收集的经验数据的基础上，将开发预测刀具寿命。预计这一战略将节省大量费用。

Wear of materials is a significant industrial problem; a recent National Research Council of Canada report estimated that the cost of wear to Canadian Industry is approximately 10 billion dollars annually. This stresses the need to develop economically and technologically viable materials research programs in friction and wear of materials. The importance of this research field has become obvious to engineers in the U.S.A., Japan and Europe as many large research and development initiatives are now active. Unfortunately, the occurrence of similar programs in Canada is disproportionately low. The applicant proposes to conduct research in a number of key areas that are pivotal to enhancing our understanding of wear and friction of advanced materials and processes. The proposed research program will be of significant value to the automotive, aerospace and manufacturing industries. One pertains to the problem of low workability of wear resistance bulk superelastic TiNi. To achieve better workability the applicant proposes to synthesize a new generation of wear resistant micro-laminated superelastic Ti/TiNi/Ni composites. This is expected to have improved workability over bulk TiNi due to the presence of pure Ni and Ti layers. In another branch, the origin of friction will be studied using atomic force microscopy. The interactions of solids in contact during relative motion, at the microscale are of great importance to the understanding of friction phenomena. The contribution of surface roughness to the measured friction force at ultra-low loads and the effect of asperity height and slope on friction will be examined in details. Finally, wear monitoring of cubic boron nitride in precision finish hard turning (PFHT) will be pursued. Tool wear is one of the major factors contributing to geometrical error in machined components. In this area, the applicant intends to determine the relationships between tool wear, cutting forces, tool geometry and machining conditions in order to optimize PFHT operation for workpiece high quality surface finish and accuracy. Ultimately, it is hopped that a real-time monitoring strategy, based on the empirical data collected, will be developed to predict tool life. Such a strategy is expected to lead to major cost savings.