Landscape ecology and conservation in the Canadian boreal region

加拿大的北方森林被称为北方地区，是一个拥有独特生物多样性的广阔地区。加拿大是世界上大部分北方森林的家园，它提供了碳储存的重要功能，是独特物种的家园，也是数百种迁徙鸣禽的繁殖地。北方地区越来越多地受到气候变化等外部压力因素的威胁，以及资源开发（伐木、采矿、水电开发）和娱乐用途造成的更直接的威胁。保护物种及其相关的栖息地在北方需要物种生态学的理解。这包括对它们特定栖息地要求的理解，以及对捕食者-猎物关系等生态过程的理解。保护区可以促进生物多样性的保护，但只有在适当实施的情况下。将地理信息系统（GIS）与保护问题相结合的景观生态学研究将大大有助于北方地区的生物多样性保护，并有助于我们了解生态过程和物种-栖息地相互作用的空间动态。这种研究将有助于更好地设计保护区，以便在环境变化的情况下长期保护北方物种和生态系统。

The northern forests of Canada, known as the boreal region, is a vast area with a unique assemblage of biodiversity. Canada is home to a large proportion of the world's boreal forest, which supplies an important function for carbon storage, and is home to unique species as well as the breeding grounds for hundred of migrant songbirds. Increasingly, the boreal region is under threat from external stressors such as climate change, as well as more immediate threats due to resource development (logging, mining, hydroelectric development) and recreational use. Conservation of species and their associated habitats in the boreal requires an understanding of species ecology. This includes an understanding of their specific habitat requirements as well as an understanding of ecological processes such as predator-prey relationships. Protected areas can facilitate biodiversity conservation, but only when appropriately implemented. Research in landscape ecology that integrates Geographic Information Systems (GIS) with conservation questions will contribute significantly to biodiversity conservation in the boreal region and to our understanding of spatial dynamics of ecological processes and species-habitat interactions. Such research will contribute to better design of protected areas in order to conserve boreal species and ecoystems over the long term in the face of environmental change.