Geophysical studies of plate boundary zone processes in western North America and lithospheric structure of terrestrial planets

在接下来的五年里，我的研究计划将集中在地球物理学的两个关键问题上，一个是观测地震学，另一个是地球和类地行星岩石圈的流变学。第一个项目涉及北美西部主要板块边界带和断层周围的地壳和地幔结构，从加州的圣安德烈亚斯断层到育空地区和西北地区的北方加拿大科迪勒拉，及其对地震和地壳变形的影响。许多不同类型的地震，每一种都有其自身的地震危险性，发生在该地区的沿着主要断层线上。除了大的破坏性地震（如1906年的圣阿德里亚斯地震或2011年的日本东北冲地震），这些断层还具有各种各样的滑动模式，包括最近发现的“缓慢滑动”和相关的“非火山震颤”。虽然不是直接威胁，但越来越多的证据表明，这些缓慢滑动的地震通过结构特性（例如，流体）的断层，如使用地震数据成像。这项研究的目的是澄清所发挥的作用，这种结构属性的断层和地震过程。

Over the next five years my research program will focus on two key problems in geophysics, one in observational seismology and the other in the rheology of the lithosphere on Earth and terrestrial planets. The first project concerns the structure of the crust and mantle around major plate boundary zones and faults in western North America, from the San Andreas Fault in California to the northern Canadian Cordillera in the Yukon and Northwest Territories, and their influence on earthquake and crustal deformation. A number of different styles of earthquake, each with its own significance for seismic hazard, occur along major fault lines in this region. In addition to large destructive earthquakes (like the 1906 San Adreas earthquake or the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake in Japan), these faults harbor a wide variety of slip modes, including the recently discovered "slow slip" and associated "non-volcanic tremors". Although not a direct threat, there is growing evidence that these slow slip earthquakes are associated with regular earthquake occurrence through structural properties (e.g., fluids) of the fault, as imaged using seismological data. This research aims to clarify the role played by such structural attributes in the faulting and earthquakes processes.