Ice Friction and Accretion

在加拿大，一年中的大部分时间，冰是无处不在的生活事实，要么是作为一种危险，要么是作为娱乐和娱乐的来源。冰成为我们的敌人，表现为人行道和街道湿滑，飞机部件上积冰，冻雨拉断电线。但它也是曲棍球运动员和球迷、滑冰运动员、雪橇运动员和大多数冬季运动爱好者的朋友。这项研究方案考察了冰的两个方面。它的目标是改善它的一些有益特征，同时减轻它的一些不良后果。在冰冻的暴雨期间，电线上结冰，飞机上结冰，这通常被称为“结冰”。1998年1月，一场为期五天的冰暴期间结冰严重，导致数百根杆塔倒塌，数百万加拿大人和美国人一周多时间断电。风暴造成多人死亡，保险公司估计总经济损失超过30亿美元。飞机结冰会给航空业带来再熟悉不过的延误和干扰。更糟糕的是每一两年发生一次与结冰有关的致命事故，尽管美国国家运输安全委员会呼吁进行更多相关研究。我的目标是通过最先进的天气预测模型和最好的计算机结冰模型的智能组合，建立一个更好的结冰预测系统(IAFS)。该系统将为电力公用事业和航空业提供改进的结冰预报和警告。冬季运动中的冰摩擦会减缓运动员的速度，使他们在竞争中处于劣势。我的一个研究目标是测量冰上的摩擦力，并找到在速滑和雪橇中优化它的方法。为了做到这一点，我们采用了两种独特的能力-世界上唯一的仪表式克拉普溜冰鞋，以及一个计算机模型(FAST)，它模拟了钢刀片在冰上移动时发生的情况。我们将使用这两种能力来设计和测试溜冰刀和雪橇跑步者的新设计。我们希望能够在2014年冬奥会上给加拿大运动员带来竞争优势。

In Canada for much of the year, ice is a ubiquitous fact of life, either as a hazard or as a source of fun and recreation. Ice becomes our enemy in the form of slippery sidewalks and streets, ice accumulating on aircraft components, and freezing rain pulling down electrical power lines. But it is also the friend of hockey players and fans, skaters, bobsledders and lovers of most winter sports. This research proposal examines both aspects of ice. Its goal is to improve some of its beneficial characteristics, while mitigating some of its undesirable consequences. Ice that builds up on power lines during freezing rainstorms and ice accumulating on aircraft is generally referred to as "icing". Heavy icing during a five-day ice storm in January 1998 caused hundreds of poles and towers to topple and left millions of Canadians and Americans without power for more than a week. Several deaths resulted from the storm and insurance companies have estimated the overall economic cost to exceed three billion dollars. Icing on aircraft causes all-too-familiar delays and disruptions to the aviation industry. Much worse are the fatal, icing-related accidents that occur every year or two, despite calls by the US National Transportation Safety Board for more relevant research. My goal is to build a better ice accretion forecasting system (IAFS), through an intelligent combination of state-of-the-art weather prediction models and the best computer icing models. This system will provide improved icing forecasts and warnings for electrical utilities and the aviation industry. Ice friction in winter sports slows down athletes and puts them at a competitive disadvantage. A goal of my research is to measure ice friction and find ways to optimize it in speed skating and bobsleigh. In order to do this, we are employing two unique capabilities - the world's only Instrumented Klap Skate, and a computer model (FAST) that simulates what happens when a steel blade moves across the ice. We will use both of these capabilities to devise and test new designs for skate blades and bobsled runners. We hope to be able to give Canadian athletes a competitive advantage in the 2014 Winter Olympics.