Remediation of Fractured Bedrock Focussed on Contaminant Mass Sequestered in the Rock Matrix

本文提出的研究将使加拿大能够在受有机化合物（如氯化溶剂、多氯联苯（pcb）、燃料（如汽油和柴油）、杂酚油和煤焦油）影响的裂缝基岩地点，就修复技术的选择和期望做出明智的决定。这些有机化合物构成了在加拿大、美国和世界上其他工业化国家最常见的地下水污染物。考虑到加拿大大部分地区的未固结沉积物（覆盖层）相对较薄，由于地表污染物的释放，破裂的基岩经常受到影响。加拿大的例子包括在魁北克蒙特利尔南部的Ville Mercier的基岩中发现有机化合物；安大略省史密斯维尔基岩中多氯联苯和氯化溶剂的出现；氯化溶剂、燃料、杂酚油和煤焦油在加拿大所有省份和地区的许多地点出现。破碎的基岩在加拿大是一种宝贵的资源，因为它能够提供饮用水，并且与水文循环密切相关。目前，修复断裂基岩的方法很少，特别是对于那些随着时间的推移，大量污染物已经扩散到岩石基质中的旧基岩。目前，加拿大在未固结或固结矿床中使用热修复技术和其他就地修复技术的经验基础非常有限。这项研究将为利益相关者（场地所有者、监管机构、政治家、供应商、顾问、社区团体）提供现实的期望和知识，以便在加拿大各地的破碎基岩场地正确实施原位地下水修复技术。本研究不仅旨在开发和评价修复技术；其目的是培训将对加拿大各地的决策产生有益影响的高素质人员。

The research proposed here will allow Canada to make informed decisions regarding remediation technology selection and expectations at fractured bedrock sites impacted by organic compounds such as chlorinated solvents, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), fuels (e.g., gasoline and diesel), creosote, and coal tar. These organic compounds constitute the most frequently encountered type of groundwater contaminants at sites throughout Canada, the United States and other industrialized countries around the world. Given the relatively thin cover of unconsolidated deposits (overburden) throughout much of Canada, fractured bedrock is often impacted as a result of contaminant releases at ground surface. Example Canadian sites include the occurrence of organic compounds in bedrock at Ville Mercier south of Montreal, Quebec; the occurrence of PCBs and chlorinated solvents in bedrock at Smithville, Ontario; and the occurrence of chlorinated solvents, fuels, creosote, and coal tar at numerous sites in all provinces and territories throughout Canada. Fractured bedrock is a valued resource in Canada given its ability to provide drinking water and its intimate connection with the hydrologic cycle. At present, very few options exist to remediate fractured bedrock sites, particularly for older sites where significant amounts of contaminant mass have diffused into the rock matrix over time. There is currently a very limited base of experience in Canada regarding the use of thermal and other in-situ remediation technologies in either unconsolidated or consolidated deposits. This research will equip stakeholders (site owners, regulators, politicians, vendors, consultants, community groups) with both realistic expectations and the knowledge required to properly implement in-situ groundwater remediation technologies at fractured bedrock sites throughout Canada. This research is not only aimed at developing and evaluating remediation technologies; it is aimed at training highly qualified personell that will have a beneficial influence on decision making throughout Canada.