Perceptual-motor representations of manipulable objects.

直到最近，感知和行动被认为是不同的兴趣领域。然而，实验技术的进步导致了一种新的认识，即对物体的观察和反应必须至少部分地由基本纠缠的机制决定。例如，神经成像研究表明，当观察者对可操作物体的图片进行分类时，运动皮层会被激活。同样，行为研究也证实，计划行动可以影响对目标的感知，即对目标的反应具有共同特征（例如，方向）。虽然这些现象非常有趣，但许多关于感知-运动相互作用的详细工作都是基于抽象任务（例如，准备按左/右键，或视觉编码箭头的方向），这些任务与协调日常物体识别的过程几乎没有联系。本提案描述了一套涉及常见可操作对象的新实验程序，以进一步解决感知和行动之间动态相互作用的一些重要问题，将先前的理论和经验发展扩展到新的方向。首先，我介绍了一种方法，使我们能够更好地理解通过关注一个熟悉的物体（如啤酒杯或煎锅）的图像而立即产生的动作表示。这项研究将会证明，运动启示不是简单地基于手柄的方向所引起的抓握，而是基于对整个物体的典型功能的更复杂的描述。接下来，我们讨论了进一步阐明运动系统在需要对处理过的物体进行分类的知觉和语言任务中的因果作用的实验。最后，我描述了一种方法，它将阐明运动轨迹（特别是手的旋转）如何受到与预期动作相冲突或符合预期动作的感知启示的影响。

Until quite recently, perception and action were considered to be separate domains of interest. Advances in experimental techniques, however, have lead to a new appreciation that viewing and responding to an object must be determined at least in part by mechanisms that are fundamentally entangled. For example, neuroimaging studies have shown that the motor cortex is activated when observers classify pictures of manipulable objects. Behavioural studies likewise have established that planning an action can affect the perception of an object sharing features (for example, orientation) with the intended response. While these phenomena are of great interest, much of the detailed work on perceptual-motor interactions is based on abstract tasks (for example, preparing a left/right key press, or visually encoding the direction of an arrow) that make little contact with the processes mediating the identification of everyday objects. This proposal describes a set of novel experimental procedures involving common manipulable objects to further address a number of important questions on the dynamic interplay between perception and action, extending previous theoretical and empirical developments in new directions. First, I introduce a methodology to enable a better understanding of the action representation immediately generated by attention to the image of a familiar object like a beer mug or frying pan. This research will establish that motor affordances are not simply based on the grasp evoked by the orientation of the handle but on a more complex description of the typical function attributed to the object as a whole. Next, experiments are discussed that further elucidate the causal role of the motor system in perceptual and language tasks that require the classification of handled objects. Finally, I describe a methodology that will clarify how movement trajectories (especially the rotation of the hand) are affected by perceived affordances that conflict with or conform to an intended action.