Multiphysics of bubbles and nanoparticles in porous media: Novel approaches to the remediation of subsurface environments contaminated by chlorinated organic substances

加拿大废弃工业设施（棕地）的土壤和地下水在停止使用氯化挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）很久之后仍然受到污染。氯化有机物比水密度大，在地下水位深处造成地下污染。它们的中间副产品被认为是强致癌物，因此对地下水资源构成重大威胁。许多补救策略的成功受到限制，因为很难在地下水位以下的VOC源区域内均匀地引入气相，这对于将VOC转移到流动的气相或提供供污染物降解细菌使用的活性气体（例如氧气，氢气，甲烷）是必要的。

Soil and groundwater at abandoned industrial facilities (brown-field sites) in Canada remain contaminated by chlorinated volatile organic compounds (VOCs), long after the use of these chemicals has ceased. Chlorinated organics are denser than water, causing subsurface contamination deep below the water table. Their intermediate by-products are believed to be potent carcinogens and are thus a major threat to groundwater resources. The success of many remediation strategies is limited by the difficulty of introducing a gas phase uniformly within VOC source zones below the water table, as would be necessary for transferring a VOC into the flowing gas phase or for supplying reactive gases (e.g., oxygen, hydrogen, methane) for use by contaminant-degrading bacteria.