Transport and Fate Processes of Road Salt in Urban Areas

这项研究计划的总体目标是更好地保护城市流域可持续和安全的饮用水源和淡水水生生态系统，使其免受加拿大每年用于冬季道路养护的500万吨道路盐的新威胁。本研究将推进冰雪融化过程（热融化、雨对雪融化和盐引起的融化）和各种类型冬季风暴（干雪、湿雪、冻雨或雨对雪）的氯化物冲刷率的科学知识，以更准确地计算地表径流中的氯化物浓度以及城市流域地下水补给。这项研究将有助于开发新颖、实用和可行的方法，以尽量减少城市流域道路盐施用对环境的潜在负面影响。具体而言，本研究将重点改进“盐脆弱区”识别的科学方法，并计算关键源对敏感受体的贡献和

The overarching goal of this research program is to better protect sustainable and safe drinking water sources and freshwater aquatic ecosystems in urban watersheds from the emerging threat of the 5 million tonnes of road salt that is applied annually in Canada for winter road maintenance. This research will advance scientific knowledge on the ice and snow melt processes (the thermal melt, rain-on-snow melt, and the salt-induced melt) and the chloride wash-off rate for various types of winter storms (dry snow, wet snow, freezing rain, or rain on snow) to more accurately calculate the chloride concentrations in both surface runoff as well as the groundwater recharge in urban watersheds. This research will assist in the development of novel, practical and feasible methods to minimize potential negative environmental effects of road salt application in urban watersheds. Specifically, this research will focus on improvement of the scientific methods of identification of the "salt vulnerable areas" and calculation of the contribution of the key sources to the sensitive receptors and