Perceptual-motor representations of manipulable objects.

直到最近，感知和行动还被认为是各自感兴趣的领域。然而，实验技术的进步导致了一种新的认识，即观看和对对象的反应必须至少部分由从根本上相互纠缠的机制决定。例如，神经成像研究表明，当观察者对可操纵物体的图片进行分类时，运动皮质被激活。行为研究同样证实，计划一项行动可以影响对具有预期反应的特征(例如，方向)的对象的感知。虽然人们对这些现象非常感兴趣，但关于知觉-运动相互作用的许多详细工作都是基于抽象任务(例如，准备左/右键按下，或在视觉上编码箭头的方向)，这些任务与日常物品识别的中介过程几乎没有接触。这项建议描述了一套涉及常见可操纵对象的新颖实验程序，以进一步解决感知和动作之间动态相互作用的一些重要问题，将先前的理论和经验发展扩展到新的方向。首先，我介绍了一种方法，能够更好地理解由于注意到熟悉的物体(如啤酒杯或煎锅)的图像而立即产生的动作表征。这项研究将确定，马达的承受能力不是简单地基于手柄方向引起的抓握，而是基于对归因于对象整体的典型功能的更复杂的描述。接下来，讨论了进一步阐明运动系统在知觉和语言任务中的因果作用的实验，这些任务需要对被处理对象进行分类。最后，我描述了一种方法，它将阐明运动轨迹(特别是手的旋转)如何受到与预期动作相冲突或符合预期动作的感知负担的影响。

Until quite recently, perception and action were considered to be separate domains of interest. Advances in experimental techniques, however, have lead to a new appreciation that viewing and responding to an object must be determined at least in part by mechanisms that are fundamentally entangled. For example, neuroimaging studies have shown that the motor cortex is activated when observers classify pictures of manipulable objects. Behavioural studies likewise have established that planning an action can affect the perception of an object sharing features (for example, orientation) with the intended response. While these phenomena are of great interest, much of the detailed work on perceptual-motor interactions is based on abstract tasks (for example, preparing a left/right key press, or visually encoding the direction of an arrow) that make little contact with the processes mediating the identification of everyday objects. This proposal describes a set of novel experimental procedures involving common manipulable objects to further address a number of important questions on the dynamic interplay between perception and action, extending previous theoretical and empirical developments in new directions. First, I introduce a methodology to enable a better understanding of the action representation immediately generated by attention to the image of a familiar object like a beer mug or frying pan. This research will establish that motor affordances are not simply based on the grasp evoked by the orientation of the handle but on a more complex description of the typical function attributed to the object as a whole. Next, experiments are discussed that further elucidate the causal role of the motor system in perceptual and language tasks that require the classification of handled objects. Finally, I describe a methodology that will clarify how movement trajectories (especially the rotation of the hand) are affected by perceived affordances that conflict with or conform to an intended action.