Regulation and function of the stress response in fish

压力是生命的一个共同特征，鱼类和所有生物一样，已经进化出了保护自己免受自然环境中需求超过资源的情况的反应。应激反应涉及一系列广泛而协调的生理变化，旨在将能量从非必需功能（例如生长和繁殖）重新分配给必需活动。压力反应也是根据挑战的性质和持续时间定制的，并取决于个人的恢复力。虽然压力反应的精细平衡调节对健康和生存至关重要，但对调节它的机制知之甚少。因此，我实验室的研究重点是了解鱼类的神经元和激素机制，通过这些机制，压力被感知并处理成特定于环境的生理反应。利用斑马鱼作为发育模型和虹鳟鱼的独特属性，将细胞和分子机制与整个生物体的结果相结合，该建议解决：1）调节成年人应激反应的机制是否也参与保护斑马鱼胚胎中枢神经系统发育过程中的神经元; 2）早期胚胎发育过程中的应激源如何影响斑马鱼幼鱼和成年鱼的应激反应; 3）激素瘦素是否参与虹鳟鱼在低氧条件下的摄食、代谢和应激反应的调节。 总体而言，该提案解决了有关发育期间压力反应介质的作用以及针对环境压力源调节压力反应和食物摄入的新问题。因此，这项研究将进一步了解我们的身体如何应对压力源，以及我们最大限度地减少或抵消压力负面影响的能力。我们的研究也有重要的应用水产养殖业和机构参与评估拟人化活动对野生鱼类种群。

Stress is a common feature of life and fish, like all organisms, have evolved responses to protect themselves against situations in their natural environment where demands exceed resources. The stress response involves a broad and coordinated suite of physiological changes aimed at reallocating energy away from non-essential functions (e.g. growth and reproduction) toward essential activities. The stress response is also tailored to the nature and duration of the challenge, and dependent on the resilience of the individual. Although fine-balance regulation of the stress response is essential to health and survival, relatively little is known about the mechanisms that regulate it. Therefore, research in my lab is focused on understanding the neuronal and hormonal mechanisms in fish by which stressors are perceived and processed into context-specific physiological responses. Taking advantage of the unique attributes of zebrafish as a developmental model and of rainbow trout to integrate cellular and molecular mechanisms with whole-organisms outcomes, this proposal addresses: 1) whether the mechanisms that regulate the stress response in adults are also involved in protecting neurons during the development of the central nervous system in zebrafish embryos; 2) how stressors during early embryonic development affects the stress response in larval and adult zebrafish; and 3) whether the hormone leptin is involved in the regulation of food intake, metabolism, and the stress response in rainbow trout during conditions of low oxygen availability. Overall, the proposal addresses novel questions about the role of the mediators of the stress response during development and the regulation of the stress response and food intake in response to environmental stressors. As such, this research will further our understanding of how the body copes with stressors and our ability to minimize or counteract the negative impact of stress. Our research also has important applications for the aquaculture industry and for agencies involved in the assessment of anthropomorphic activities on wild fish populations.