Estimation of hydrological parameters from microwave remote sensing data/Estimation des paramètres hydrologiques à partir de la télédétection micro-onde

土壤水分和雪的遥感是若干与水循环有关的国家和国际项目的重要组成部分。拟议研究计划的总体目标是通过实现以下具体目标来更好地了解水循环：a)评估土壤(水分和粗糙度)和植被物理特性；b)开发土壤水分分解方法，以及c)雪覆盖地区冻结农业土壤的特征。重点是开发新的方法，将被动和主动微波卫星数据、实地活动测量、微波辐射传输模型、雪-土壤-植被-大气传输模型和数据同化结合起来，以提取和分析水资源(土壤水分、雪)，并描述积雪下冻结的农业土壤的特征。密集的地表参数测量活动将与卫星立交桥(Radarsat-2、SMOS、TerraSAR-X、AMSR-E)同时进行，2011年夏季将在农业区上空进行土壤水分估计，并在2010年11月至2011年3月和2011年11月至2012年3月期间进行积雪和冻土特征鉴定。所开发的方法和预期结果必将为未来卫星数据(土壤水分主动和被动、寒区高分辨率水文学观测站、哨兵一号等)的使用做好准备。除了有助于水资源微波遥感领域的科学进步外，研究成果还将通过提供优化水资源管理计划和预测干旱、排水故障、植物窒息和其他农业挑战造成的损失的手段，产生可衡量的社会经济影响。

Remote sensing of soil moisture and snow is a key component of several national and international projects related to water cycle. The general objective of the proposed research program is to gain better understanding of the water cycle by achieving the following specific objectives: a) Evaluation of soil (moisture and roughness) and vegetation physical characteristics; b) Development of soil moisture disaggregation method, and c) Characterisation of frozen agricultural soils over snow-covered areas. Emphasis is on the development of new methodologies that combine passive and active microwave satellite data, field campaign measurements, microwave radiative transfer models, the Snow-Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere Transfer model and, data assimilation to extract and analyse water resources (soil moisture, snow) and to characterise frozen agricultural soils beneath a snowpack. Intensive campaigns of surface parameter measurements, will be conducted simultaneously with satellite overpasses (Radarsat-2, SMOS, TerraSAR-X, AMSR-E), over agricultural areas during the summer of 2011 for the soil moisture estimation and during the periods November 2010-March 2011 and November 2011-March 2012 for the characterisation of snow cover and frozen soils. The developed methods and the expected results will certainly prepare to the use of future satellite data (Soil Moisture Active and Passive, COld REgions Hydrology High-resolution Observatory, Sentinel-1, etc.). In addition to contributing to scientific progress in the field of microwave remote sensing of water resources, the results will have measurable socio-economic impacts by providing the means for optimizing water resource management programs and predicting damages due to drought, faulty drainage, plant asphyxia, and other agronomic challenges.