The shallow limb of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation: variability and impacts on the ocean's carbon and nutrient reservoirs

北大西洋副极地是一个强烈的海气相互作用导致温跃层沃茨转变为被称为北大西洋深水（NADW）的水团集合的区域。 NADW淹没了盆地的深层和中层，为全球变化找到其海洋表现形式提供了一条途径。 转化为NADW的前体沃茨部分来自亚热带水团，据认为，这些水团进入副极地环流的程度随时间而变化。 控制翻转运输及其时间变化的基本机制仍然知之甚少，对海洋内部热量，碳和营养库的影响也是如此。为了探测海洋环流和海洋地球化学性质的人为变化，我们必须加强对造成这种变化的机制的理解。

The subpolar North Atlantic is a region where intense air-sea interactions cause the transformation of thermocline waters into of a collection of water masses known as North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW). The NADW floods the deep and intermediate depths of the basin and provides a pathway for global change to find its oceanic expression. The precursor waters that are transformed to become NADW stem partly from subtropical water masses, whose penetration into the subpolar gyre is thought to vary temporally. The basic mechanisms that govern the overturning transport and its temporal variability remain poorly understood, as do the implications for the ocean's interior heat, carbon, and nutrient reservoirs. In order to detect anthropogenic change in the ocean's circulation and biogeochemical properties, we must enhance our understanding of the mechanisms causing this variability.