Membrane enhanced A/B staged biological processes to harvest energy and reuse municipal wastewater

最近，废水行业正在发生一种范式转变，将其从需要处理的废流转变为生产可重复使用的水、产生能源和回收其他宝贵资源的宝贵资源。水环境研究基金会发布的一项基准能源研究得出结论，城市污水可能含有大约十倍于处理它所需的能量。然而，目前使用的大多数废水处理方法都是非常耗能的，因为需要为生物降解提供大量的氧气。同样，技术进步为从城市污水中经济地回收不可再生的磷提供了巨大的潜力。本研究的目的是开发和优化膜强化A/B分段生物工艺，在最大限度地回收能量的同时，为回收其他有价值的资源和废水回用提供机会。阶段-由好氧区前面的厌氧区组成的生物反应器具有独特的特点：1)由于SRT极短，通过生物絮凝最大限度地将废水中的有机物转化为生物质，2)最大限度地减少过度的污泥腐烂，以减少生物降解的需氧量，以及3)生产富磷生物质，从而提供从后续污泥消化器的上清液中回收的机会。通过将膜曝气生物膜反应器(MABR)工艺作为B阶段处理，可以实现进一步的协同效益。MABR的无泡曝气可以达到极高的氧气传递效率。A级生物反应器对有机物的有效去除也有助于控制B级膜组件内严重的污泥堵塞问题。将进行广泛的试验，以考察MEA/B系统在出水水质、污泥产生和除磷方面的可行性。重点将放在A级A/O工艺上，确定影响生物质生物絮凝的关键因素，表征微生物生态与工艺性能之间的基本相互作用，并制定改善污泥沉降性的策略。同时，通过对附着在膜表面的生物膜进行表征，并测量氧传递速率和硝化效率来评价MABR工艺的性能。最后，将进行一系列实验来量化生物化学计量和动力学参数。然后，将收集的数据用作模型输入，以修改和校准新的集成过程模型。如果成功，该项目将为加拿大市政当局和私营水务行业提供一种产生能量的废水处理工艺，以及水再利用和磷回收的潜力。此外，这项研究还将提供对污泥生物絮凝的更好的了解，并在简短的SRT生物反应器中建立微生物群落生态和工艺性能之间的联系。该项目还将产生有效的策略来改善污泥的沉降性。本研究建立的工艺模型可用于指导膜强化A/B分段式生物工艺的设计和优化。最后，该项目将为3名博士生、3名硕士研究生和1名博士后提供培训机会，这些人目前因加拿大水务行业的快速扩张而需求旺盛。

Recently, a paradigm shift is emerging in wastewater industry, considering it from a waste stream that needs to be disposed of, to a valuable resource from which to produce reusable water, generate energy and recover other valuable resources. A benchmarking energy study published by Water Environmental Research Foundation concluded that municipal wastewater could contain approximately ten times the energy needed to treat it. Yet, most wastewater treatment practices currently being employed are very energy-intensive because of the necessity to supply a large amount of oxygen for biodegradation. Similarly, technological advance provides great potential to recover non-renewable phosphorous from municipal wastewater economically. The goal of this study is to develop and optimize membrane enhanced A/B staged biological process (MeA/B) that can maximize energy recovery, while providing the opportunities to recover other valuable resources and reuse wastewater. Stage-A bioreactor consisting of an anaerobic zone ahead of aerobic zone offers distinct features: 1) to maximize the conversion of organic matter in wastewater into biomass through bioflocculation because of extremely short SRT, 2) to minimize excessive sludge decay to reduce the oxygen demand for biodegradation, and 3) to produce phosphorous-rich biomass, thereby, providing an opportunity to recover it from the supernatant of subsequent sludge digesters. Further synergistic benefits could be realized by incorporating membrane aerated biofilm reactor (MABR) process as Stage-B treatment. The bubbleless aeration of MABR could achieve extremely high oxygen transfer efficiency. The effective removal of organic matter by Stage-A bioreactor also helps control serious sludge clogging problem within Stage-B membrane modules. Extensive experiments will be conducted to examine the feasibility of MeA/B system in terms of effluent quality, sludge production and phosphorous removal. Emphasis will be placed on Stage-A A/O process by identifying key factors affecting the bioflocculation of biomass, characterizing the fundamental interactions between the microbial ecology and process performance and, developing the strategies to improve sludge settleability. As well, the performance of MABR process will be assessed by characterizing the biofilm attached onto membrane surface and measuring oxygen transfer rate and nitrification efficiency. Finally, a series of experiments will be performed to quantify the biological stoichiometric and kinetic parameters. The collected data are then used as model inputs to modify and calibrate a new integrated process model. If successful, this project will provide Canadian municipalities and private water industry with an energy-producing wastewater treatment process in addition to the potential for water reuse and phosphorous recovery. As well, the research will provide a better understanding of the biofloculation of sludge and establish the linkage between microbial community ecology and process performance in short SRT bioreactors. This project will also result in effective strategies to improve sludge settleability. The process models developed from this research can aid in designing and optimizing membrane enhanced A/B staged biological processes when used in practice. Finally, this project will provide training opportunities for 3 PhD students, 3 MSc students and 1 post-doctoral fellow who are now in high demand because of rapid expansion of water industry in Canada.