Computational Models of Colour Perception with Applications to Camera and Light Design

这项建议是关于不同的“观察者”--不同的人、不同的相机--在不同的光线下(日光、LED、荧光灯、钨)如何感知物体的颜色。色彩是一个非常跨学科的领域，涉及心理学、哲学、化学、物理学和计算机科学。我理解颜色的方法是将颜色感知视为一个计算过程。因此，在我的实验室开发的颜色感知模型被制定为算法，可以进行测试，一方面是它们是否只是提供预期的结果，其次是它们的运行方式是否与心理学家进行的心理物理实验中关于人类颜色感知的已知方式一致。理解和模拟颜色感知的基本困难在于，因为人类只有三种颜色敏感锥体，所以进入眼睛的光的波长和感知的颜色之间没有一一对应的关系。还有许多其他的困难，比如相同的反射光谱在不同的环境中可能看起来不同，这些都有助于颜色成为一个迷人的研究领域。然而，这些困难给数码相机行业、数字印刷行业、数字显示行业、纺织业、照明行业、颜色的科学使用(例如，在医疗应用中)以及艺术品的数字保存带来了问题。本提案中的研究项目涉及直接应用于所有这些技术领域的色彩科学的基本问题。拟议研究的目标建立在我的实验室最近取得的进展的基础上，其中包括我们最近获奖的论文《异构体不匹配体积》(Logvinenko，Fant，Godau)中描述的同色异谱工作，以及开发一种颜色色调的光源不变描述符。目标包括：(I)确定物体在特定光线下可观察到的全部颜色；(Ii)开发材料颜色恒定的模型；(Iii)创建数码相机颜色保真度的新测量；(Iv)调查色调不匹配作为评估节能灯光显色性能的工具；以及(V)验证新提出的色调描述符，并将其应用于基于颜色的物体识别等任务。研究预算主要用于培训高素质人员，即支助学生工资和他们的会议旅费。我以前的学生现在在彩色成像领域都有成功的职业生涯。

This proposal is about how the colours of objects are perceived by different ‘observers’—different people, different cameras—and under different lights (daylight, LED, fluorescent, tungsten). Colour is a very interdisciplinary field touching on psychology, philosophy, chemistry, physics, and computer science. My approach to understanding colour is to view colour perception as a computational process. As such, the models of colour perception developed in my laboratory are formulated as algorithms that can be tested both in terms of whether or not they simply provide the expected results, and secondly in terms of whether they operate in a way that is congruent with what is known about human colour perception from the psychophysical experiments conducted by psychologists. The fundamental difficulty in understanding and modeling colour perception is that because humans have only 3 types of colour-sensitive cones there is no one-to-one correspondence between the wavelengths of light entering the eye and perceived colour. There are many other difficulties too, such as how the same reflected-light spectrum may look different in different contexts, and these all contribute to colour being a fascinating field of research. These difficulties, however, present problems for the digital camera industry, the digital printing industry, the digital display industry, the textile industry, the lighting industry, the scientific use of colour (e.g., in medical applications), and the digital preservation of artwork. The research projects in this proposal address fundamental issues of colour science that have direct application to all these technology areas. The objectives of the proposed research build on the recent progress in my laboratory that include work on metamerism described in our recent prize-winning paper entitled “Metamer Mismatch Volumes” (Logvinenko, Funt, Godau) and on the development of an illuminant-invariant descriptor for colour hues. The objectives include: (i) determining the full set of colours observable from objects under a given light; (ii) developing a model of material colour constancy; (iii) creating a new measure of the colour fidelity of digital cameras; (iv) investigating metamer mismatching as a tool for evaluating the colour rendering properties of energy-efficient lights; and (v) validating the newly proposed hue descriptor and applying it to tasks such as colour-based object identification. The research budget is primarily for the training of highly qualified personnel; namely, support of student salaries and their conference travel. My previous students now have successful careers in the colour-imaging field.