Integrated water management systems for sustainable use of agricultural lands and water

扩大集约农业生产需要使用适当的灌溉、排水和农用化学品。高施肥的后果是增加了通过劣质排水回流污染溪流、河流和湖泊的可能性。在马尼托巴南部，由于地下水质量差而造成的盐碱化是一个主要问题，灌溉马铃薯的生产正在扩大。通过设计良好的灌溉和排水系统进行适当的水管理，可以尽量减少盐碱化问题。减轻盐碱化的策略之一是使用过量的灌溉水冲洗根区以下的盐，并通过排水系统去除这些过量的水。如果将排水回流引入工程湿地，污染物可以被植被去除。这将使水在干旱时期重新用于灌溉，从而消除河流和湖泊的污染。 将调查排水/地下灌溉系统的运行情况，并将排水回流引导至适当设计的工程湿地，并评估水质变化。拟议研究计划的长期目标是开发综合水管理系统，在保护土地和水不受污染的同时，扩大集约化高价值作物生产。 田间试验将在带状小区设计中进行，其中高架灌溉与排水、地下灌溉/排水、高架灌溉不排水和不灌溉不排水作为处理。土壤根区将全面安装仪器，以监测水盐运动。排水回流将被引导到不同的工程湿地，其中的盐和营养物质将被不同类型的盐生植物吸收，这些植物可以在盐环境中生长。通过定期采集生物量来去除工程湿地的盐分负荷，以确定不同盐生植物的除盐效率。 这些实验的结果将使灌溉/排水更加可持续。

The expansion of intensive agricultural production requires the use of adequate irrigation, drainage, and agricultural chemicals. The consequence of high fertilizer application is the increased potential to pollute the streams, rivers, and lakes via poor quality drainage return flows. Irrigated potato production is expanding in Southern Manitoba in areas where salinization from poor quality groundwater has been a major problem. Proper water management through well-designed irrigation and drainage systems can minimize the salinization problems. One of the strategies to mitigate salinization is to use excess irrigation water to wash the salts below the root zone and remove this excess water by a drainage system. If the drainage return flows are directed to engineered-wetlands, the pollutants could be removed by vegetation. This will allow the water to be re-used for irrigation during dry periods and thus eliminate the pollution of rivers and lakes. The operation of drainage/subirrigation system will be investigated and the drainage return flow will be directed to properly designed engineered-wetlands and the changes in water quality will be assessed. The long term objective of the proposed research program is to develop integrated water management systems that will allow expansion of intensive high-value crop production while protecting the land and water from pollution. Field experiments will be conducted in a strip-plot design with overhead irrigation with drainage, subirrigation/drainage, overhead irrigation without drainage, and no irrigation and no drainage as treatments. The soil root zone will be fully instrumented to monitor the water and salt movement. The drainage return flows will be directed into different engineered-wetlands where the salts and nutrients will be taken up by different types of halophytic plants that can grow in saline environments. Biomass will be periodically harvested to remove the salt load from the engineered-wetlands to determine the salt removal efficiency of different halophytic plants. The results from these experiments will make irrigation/drainage more sustainable.