Perceptual-motor representations of manipulable objects.

直到最近，感知和行动被认为是不同的兴趣领域。 然而，实验技术的进步导致了一种新的认识，即对物体的观察和反应必须至少部分地由从根本上纠缠的机制决定。 例如，神经成像研究表明，当观察者对可操作物体的图片进行分类时，运动皮层会被激活。 行为学研究同样证实，计划一个行动可以影响对一个与预期反应共享特征（例如，方向）的物体的感知。 虽然这些现象非常有趣，但许多关于感知-运动交互作用的详细工作都是基于抽象任务（例如，准备左/右按键，或视觉编码箭头的方向），这些任务与日常物体识别的过程几乎没有联系。该提案描述了一套新的实验程序，涉及常见的可操纵对象，以进一步解决一些重要的问题，感知和行动之间的动态相互作用，扩展以前的理论和经验的发展在新的方向。 首先，我介绍了一种方法，使更好地理解的动作表示立即注意到一个熟悉的对象，如啤酒杯或煎锅的图像产生。 这项研究将建立，运动启示是不是简单地根据把握诱发的方向的手柄，但在一个更复杂的描述的典型功能，作为一个整体的对象。 接下来，实验进行了讨论，进一步阐明的因果关系的作用，运动系统的知觉和语言的任务，需要处理的对象的分类。 最后，我描述了一种方法，将澄清运动轨迹（特别是手的旋转）是如何受到感知的启示，冲突或符合预期的行动。

Until quite recently, perception and action were considered to be separate domains of interest. Advances in experimental techniques, however, have lead to a new appreciation that viewing and responding to an object must be determined at least in part by mechanisms that are fundamentally entangled. For example, neuroimaging studies have shown that the motor cortex is activated when observers classify pictures of manipulable objects. Behavioural studies likewise have established that planning an action can affect the perception of an object sharing features (for example, orientation) with the intended response. While these phenomena are of great interest, much of the detailed work on perceptual-motor interactions is based on abstract tasks (for example, preparing a left/right key press, or visually encoding the direction of an arrow) that make little contact with the processes mediating the identification of everyday objects. This proposal describes a set of novel experimental procedures involving common manipulable objects to further address a number of important questions on the dynamic interplay between perception and action, extending previous theoretical and empirical developments in new directions. First, I introduce a methodology to enable a better understanding of the action representation immediately generated by attention to the image of a familiar object like a beer mug or frying pan. This research will establish that motor affordances are not simply based on the grasp evoked by the orientation of the handle but on a more complex description of the typical function attributed to the object as a whole. Next, experiments are discussed that further elucidate the causal role of the motor system in perceptual and language tasks that require the classification of handled objects. Finally, I describe a methodology that will clarify how movement trajectories (especially the rotation of the hand) are affected by perceived affordances that conflict with or conform to an intended action.