Glazing/shading models and software for green building simulation and design

滑铁卢大学的高级玻璃系统实验室(AGSL)建立了一项国际公认的研究计划，研究窗户和遮阳系统的热性能。AGSL的研究涉及多种活动，包括热传递测量、太阳和长波光学测量、计算流体力学、理论发展和工程模型的形成。这项活动的大部分目的是制作软件--既是为了对窗户/遮阳系统设计进行评级，也是为了改进用于成功设计绿色建筑的建筑能源模拟。 绿色建筑设计总是需要高水平的隔热。低发射率(Low-E)涂料和额外的玻璃层等成分增加了窗户的热阻，并减弱了太阳辐射。然而，即使是适度的太阳辐射，也会导致隔热良好的建筑过热。太阳能增益特别麻烦，因为它通常是最大和最可变的热增益。现在很多注意力都集中在可操作的遮阳设备上--这种设备可以在需要取暖的时候和地方接纳太阳能，否则就会拒绝太阳能。在高峰负荷管理的背景下，太阳能获取尤其重要。 NSERC的资金将用于几个项目，这些项目的共同目标是开发、测试和证明一个新的窗口分析框架。这一新的框架基于最近的AGSL理论，提供了各种好处。最重要的是，它将适合用于时间步长建筑模拟，因为它预计会非常快。原始速度使其有可能结合足够的细节和能力的模型，以探索与阴影窗相关的复杂过程和相互作用。预计新框架将解决与计算稳定性相关的问题。 此外，还将开展实验工作，以提高某些对流换热子组件模型的精度，从而提高峰值冷负荷的预测精度。

The Advanced Glazing System Laboratory (AGSL) at the University of Waterloo has established an internationally recognized program of research dealing with the thermal performance of windows and shading systems. AGSL research entails a wide variety of activities including heat transfer measurements, solar and longwave optical measurements, computational fluid dynamics, development of theory and the formulation of engineering models. Much of this activity is aimed at the production of software - both for the purpose of rating window/shading system designs and for improving building energy simulation used for the successful design of green buildings. Green building design invariably entails high levels of insulation. Components such as low-emissivity (low-e) coatings and additional glazing layers increase the thermal resistance of a window and attenuate solar gain. However, even moderate levels of solar gain will cause a well insulated building to overheat. Solar gain is particularly troublesome because it is usually the largest and most variable heat gain. Much attention is now directed toward operable shading devices - devices that can admit solar energy when and where heating is needed, and reject it otherwise. In the context of peak load management solar gain is especially important. NSERC funding will be used for several projects that share the common goal of developing, testing and proving a new framework for window analysis. This new framework, based on recent AGSL theory, offers various benefits. Most important, it will be suitable for use in time-step building simulation because it is expected to be exceptionally fast. Raw speed makes it possible to incorporate models of sufficient detail and power to explore the intricate processes and interactions associated with shaded fenestration. It is also expected that the new framework will solve problems related to computational stability. In addition, experimental work will be undertaken to increase the accuracy of some of the convective heat transfer subcomponent models, increasing the accuracy of predicted peak cooling loads.