Understanding Feedback from Supermassive Black Holes in Galaxies and Clusters

来自超大质量黑洞的能量反馈被认为控制着星系及其周围更大结构的形成和演化。对这一过程最深刻的理解来自于对冷却气体、星星形成以及通过强大的射电喷流与椭圆星系和星系团周围的热大气之间的相互作用产生的机械反馈的研究。在接下来的五年里，我们将利用令人兴奋的新阿尔马，Astro-H和LOFAR天文台的观测结果，以及成熟和富有成效的钱德拉X射线天文台来研究从超大质量黑洞和星系团热大气中的大量流动中富含金属的流出物。我们将探讨星星形成、分子气体吸积与星系核中超大质量黑洞周围吸积盘的强烈爆发之间的关系。拟议的研究将导致更深入地了解如何强大的河外射电喷流发射和燃料的检查机制，如吸积从环核分子气体盘和邦迪吸积从热大气。来自这些敏感的新天文台的数据将揭示超大质量黑洞的生长以及能量反馈在宇宙时间内的演变。

Energetic feedback from supermassive black holes is thought to govern the formation and evolution of galaxies and the larger structures surrounding them. The deepest insight into this process has come from studies of cooling gas, star formation, and mechanical feedback through interactions between powerful radio jets and the hot atmospheres surrounding elliptical galaxies and clusters. Over the next five years, we will use observations from the exciting new ALMA, Astro-H, and LOFAR observatories, and the mature and productive Chandra X-ray Observatory to study metal-enriched outflows from supermassive black holes and bulk flows in the hot atmospheres of clusters of galaxies. We will examine the relationships between star formation, molecular gas accretion, and powerful outbursts from accretion disks around supermassive black holes in the nuclei of galaxies. The proposed research will lead to a deeper understanding of how powerful extragalactic radio jets are launched and fueled by examining mechanisms such as accretion from circumnuclear molecular gas disks and Bondi accretion from hot atmospheres. The data from these sensitive new observatories will reveal the growth of supermassive black holes and the evolution of energetic feedback over cosmic time.